如何检测正在运行的Windows版本?
本文关键字：运行 Windows 版本 何检测 检测 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:13:16
我有一个作为Word插件运行的应用程序。(VSTO)。
它在世界各地的许多个人电脑上运行。在某些情况下，我需要解决问题(显然是远程的)，并有一个报告机制，告诉我哪个Windows操作系统正在运行——我在。net中使用Environment.OSVersion。至少在Windows 10之前是这样的。
MSDN上有一篇关于创建应用程序清单的文章(针对Windows的应用程序)，该清单将使正确的版本能够返回。
但是我的应用程序是一个DLL，而不是EXE，所以不能真正适应那篇文章中提到的XML代码。
难道没有办法直接问Windows:"你是什么版本?"真的，如果你承认真实的版本，我就不会哭了。
或者注册表中的条目之类的?
如果WMI不是您的选项，您可以使用GetVersionEx函数的SDK对应，RtlGetVersion。他们从不说谎。
如果你使用。net 5.0或Core, Environment。OSVersion报告Windows的实际版本。
我发布了更多关于这个的细节，作为对另一个线程的答案的补充:https://stackoverflow.com/a/64804643/2240196
编辑:按要求添加示例代码。(你可能不需要全部)
using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace VersionHelper
{
public static class VersionHelper
{
// The C(++) macro VER_SET_CONDITION mentioned in the documentation for RtlVerifyVersionInfo seems to be equivalent to the VerSetConditionMask function in kernel32.dll
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/nf-winnt-versetconditionmask
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern ulong VerSetConditionMask(ulong dwlConditionMask, uint dwTypeBitMask, byte dwConditionMask);
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/devnotes/rtlgetversion
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
private static extern int RtlGetVersion(ref OSVERSIONINFOW lpVersionInformation);
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
private static extern int RtlGetVersion(ref OSVERSIONINFOEXW lpVersionInformation);
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/wdm/nf-wdm-rtlverifyversioninfo
[DllImport("ntdll.dll")]
private static extern bool RtlVerifyVersionInfo([In] ref OSVERSIONINFOEXW lpVersionInformation, uint dwTypeMask, ulong dwlConditionMask);
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfoexw
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private struct OSVERSIONINFOEXW
{
internal uint dwOSVersionInfoSize;
internal uint dwMajorVersion;
internal uint dwMinorVersion;
internal uint dwBuildNumber;
internal uint dwPlatformId;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
internal string szCSDVersion;
internal ushort wServicePackMajor;
internal ushort wServicePackMinor;
internal ushort wSuiteMask;
internal byte wProductType;
internal byte wReserved;
}
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfow
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
private struct OSVERSIONINFOW
{
internal uint dwOSVersionInfoSize;
internal uint dwMajorVersion;
internal uint dwMinorVersion;
internal uint dwBuildNumber;
internal uint dwPlatformId;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 128)]
internal string szCSDVersion;
}
/*
* RTL_OSVERSIONINFOEX(A/W) and OSVERSIONINFOEX(A/W) are aliases for the same structures
* RTL_OSVERSIONINFO(A/W) and OSVERSIONINFO(A/W) are aliases for the same structures
* */
// These constants initialized with corresponding definitions in
// winnt.h (part of Windows SDK)
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/nf-winnt-ver_set_condition
private const byte VER_EQUAL = 1;
private const byte VER_GREATER = 2;
private const byte VER_GREATER_EQUAL = 3;
private const byte VER_LESS = 4;
private const byte VER_LESS_EQUAL = 5;
private const byte VER_AND = 6;
private const byte VER_OR = 7;
private const byte VER_CONDITION_MASK = 7;
private const byte VER_NUM_BITS_PER_CONDITION_MASK = 3;
private const uint STATUS_SUCCESS = 0x00000000;
//
// RtlVerifyVersionInfo() type mask bits
//
private const uint VER_MINORVERSION = 0x0000001;
private const uint VER_MAJORVERSION = 0x0000002;
private const uint VER_BUILDNUMBER = 0x0000004;
private const uint VER_PLATFORMID = 0x0000008;
private const uint VER_SERVICEPACKMINOR = 0x0000010;
private const uint VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR = 0x0000020;
private const uint VER_SUITENAME = 0x0000040;
private const uint VER_PRODUCT_TYPE = 0x0000080;
// wProductType
// Any additional information about the system.This member can be one of the following values.
private const byte VER_NT_DOMAIN_CONTROLLER = 0x0000002;
private const byte VER_NT_SERVER = 0x0000003;
private const byte VER_NT_WORKSTATION = 0x0000001;
// You can customize this to check for the condition(s) you need using any field from the OSVERSIONINFOW struct with the corresponding VER_ and VER_<operator> constants
public static bool IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(uint majorVersion, uint minorVersion, ushort servicePackMajor = 0, uint buildNumber = 0)
{
var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOEXW
{
dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXW)),
dwMajorVersion = majorVersion,
dwMinorVersion = minorVersion,
wServicePackMajor = servicePackMajor,
dwBuildNumber = buildNumber
};
ulong versionOrGreaterMask = VerSetConditionMask(
VerSetConditionMask(
VerSetConditionMask(
0, VER_MAJORVERSION, VER_GREATER_EQUAL),
VER_MINORVERSION, VER_GREATER_EQUAL),
VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);
uint versionOrGreaterTypeMask = VER_MAJORVERSION | VER_MINORVERSION | VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR;
if (buildNumber > 0)
{
versionOrGreaterMask = VerSetConditionMask(versionOrGreaterMask, VER_BUILDNUMBER, VER_GREATER_EQUAL);
versionOrGreaterTypeMask |= VER_BUILDNUMBER;
}
return RtlVerifyVersionInfo(ref osVerInfo, versionOrGreaterTypeMask, versionOrGreaterMask);
}
public static bool IsWindowsServer()
{
var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOEXW
{
dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXW)),
wProductType = VER_NT_WORKSTATION
};
ulong dwlConditionMask = VerSetConditionMask(0, VER_PRODUCT_TYPE, VER_EQUAL);
return !RtlVerifyVersionInfo(ref osVerInfo, VER_PRODUCT_TYPE, dwlConditionMask);
}
public static int GetWindowsBuildNumber()
{
var osVerInfo = new OSVERSIONINFOW
{
dwOSVersionInfoSize = (uint) Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(OSVERSIONINFOW))
};
if (STATUS_SUCCESS == RtlGetVersion(ref osVerInfo)) // documented to always return STATUS_SUCCESS
return (int)osVerInfo.dwBuildNumber;
throw new Win32Exception("Failed to determine Windows build number.");
}
// Other functions replicating SDK Version Helper functions
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/sysinfo/version-helper-apis
//
// _WIN32_WINNT version constants
//
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_NT4 = 0x0400;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN2K = 0x0500;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINXP = 0x0501;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WS03 = 0x0502;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN6 = 0x0600;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_VISTA = 0x0600;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WS08 = 0x0600;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_LONGHORN = 0x0600;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN7 = 0x0601;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN8 = 0x0602;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE = 0x0603;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WINTHRESHOLD = 0x0A00;
const ushort _WIN32_WINNT_WIN10 = 0x0A00;
const bool FALSE = false;
static byte LOBYTE(ushort w)
{
return ((byte)(w & 0xff));
}
static byte HIBYTE(ushort w)
{
return ((byte)(w >> 8 & 0xff));
}
public static bool
IsWindowsXPSP1OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 1);
}
public static bool
IsWindowsXPSP2OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 2);
}
public static bool
IsWindowsXPSP3OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINXP), 3);
}
public static bool
IsWindowsVistaOrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 0);
}
public static bool
IsWindowsVistaSP1OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 1);
}
public static bool
IsWindowsVistaSP2OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA), 2);
}
public static bool
IsWindows7OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), 0);
}
public static bool
IsWindows7SP1OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN7), 1);
}
public static bool
IsWindows8OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN8), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN8), 0);
}
public static bool
IsWindows8Point1OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WINBLUE), 0);
}
public static bool
IsWindows10OrGreater()
{
return IsWindowsVersionOrGreater(HIBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10), LOBYTE(_WIN32_WINNT_WIN10), 0);
}
}
}
private String GetOSVersion()
{
var wmiEnum = new ManagementObjectSearcher("root''CIMV2", "SELECT Version FROM Win32_OperatingSystem").Get().GetEnumerator();
wmiEnum.MoveNext();
return wmiEnum.Current.Properties["Version"].Value as String;
}
在W7系统上返回6.1.7601，在Server 2016系统上返回10.0.14393。
不需要添加目标清单
WMI是做这类事情的最好方法，您可以使用它来检索操作系统信息:
ManagementObjectSearcher objMOS =
new ManagementObjectSearcher("root''CIMV2", "SELECT * FROM Win32_OperatingSystem");
OS.Name = ((string)objMOS["Caption"]).Trim();
OS.Version = (string)objMOS["Version"];
OS.MaxProcessCount = (uint)objMOS["MaxNumberOfProcesses"];
OS.MaxProcessRAM = (ulong)objMOS["MaxProcessMemorySize"];
OS.Architecture = (string)objMOS["OSArchitecture"];
OS.SerialNumber = (string)objMOS["SerialNumber"];
OS.Build = ((string)objMOS["BuildNumber"]).ToUint();
可以获取操作系统的详细信息
您可以尝试GetVersionEx Win32 API。
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724451 (v = vs.85) . aspx
请注意Windows 10实际上是6.4版本。v6.0是Vista, 6.1 - 7, 6.2 - 8