c#确定列表项的对象类型

本文关键字:对象 类型 列表 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:14:54

我正试图为我的c#类做一个项目,将学生对象(父)或DormStudent(子)中的学生添加到为学生对象设置的列表中。我需要读取一个基于学生ID的对象,并确定它是学生还是宿舍学生,并相应地填写表单的其余部分。

    int pos = MainMenu.myList.FindIndex(x => x.ID == validID);
    if (MainMenu.myList[pos] == Student)
    {
        Student tempStu = MainMenu.myList[pos];
        nameTextBox.Text = tempStu.Name;
    }
    else
    {
        DormStudent tempDorm = MainMenu.myList[pos];
        dormCheckBox.Checked = true;
        dormTextBox.Text = tempDorm.Dorm;
        if (tempDorm.MealType == "B")
        {
            basicRadioButton.Checked = true;
        }
        else if (tempDorm.MealType == "M")
        {
            mediumRadioButton.Checked = true;
        }
        else
        {
            highRadioButton.Checked = true;
        }
    }

这里是列表和对象项

    public static List<Student> myList = new List<Student>();
    [Serializable]
    public class DormStudent : Student
    {
        public string Dorm{get; set;}
        public string MealType { get; set; }
        public DormStudent() : base()
        {
            Dorm = "No Dorm";
            MealType = "B";
        }
        public DormStudent(int i, string n, string d, string m) : base(i, n)
        {
            Dorm = d;
            MealType = m;
        }
    }
    [Serializable]
    public class Student
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public List<int> Grades;
        public Student()
        {
            ID = 0;
            Name = "No Student";
            Grades = new List<int>();
        }
        public Student(int i, string n)
        {
            ID = i;
            Name = n;
        }
    }

c#确定列表项的对象类型

由于DormStudend派生自student,因此您需要首先询问该对象是否为DormStudent。(通常从具体到一般的做法)

所以你需要像这样交换if语句:

if(MainMenu.myList[pos] is DormStudent)
{
  ...
}
else
{
   ...
}

回复你的评论:您可以使用as关键字来代替,使它更容易一些。它将返回被强制转换的对象,如果不能强制转换,则返回null。

Student student = MainMenu.myList[pos];
DormStudent dormStudent = student as DormStudent;
if(dormStudent!= null)
{
     dormTextBox.Text = dormStudent.Dorm;
}
else
{
    nameTextBox.Text = student.Name;
}

对于这种设计是否对其他人来说是最佳的,我留下了评论,但是您要寻找的是is操作符关键字。

var someStudent = MainMenu.myList[pos];
//Check for null here
if (someStudent is DormStudent )
{
    DormStudent tempDorm = someStudent as DormStudent ;
    dormCheckBox.Checked = true;
    dormTextBox.Text = tempDorm.Dorm;
    if (tempDorm.MealType == "B")
    {
        basicRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
    else if (tempDorm.MealType == "M")
    {
        mediumRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
    else
    {
        highRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
    Student tempStu = someStudent ;
    nameTextBox.Text = tempStu.Name;
}
else
{
    nameTextBox.Text = someStudent.Name;
}

但是你也可以用null检查as:

var someStudent = MainMenu.myList[pos];
//Null check here?
var dormStudent = someStudent as DormStudent;
if (dormStudent != null)
{
    DormStudent tempDorm = someStudent as DormStudent ;
    dormCheckBox.Checked = true;
    dormTextBox.Text = dormStudent.Dorm;
    if (dormStudent.MealType == "B")
    {
        basicRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
    else if (dormStudent.MealType == "M")
    {
        mediumRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
    else
    {
        highRadioButton.Checked = true;
    }
}
nameTextBox.Text = someStudent.Name;

if (!myList[pos] is DormStudent))

需要is操作符来测试类型和后代。您也可以从列表中检索Student并使用作为操作符将其强制转换为DormStudent,并检查是否为空。

使用is操作符判断对象是否为特定类型。

if (MainMenu.myList[pos] is Student)
{
    ...
}
else if (MainMenu.myList[pos] is DormStudent)
{
    ...
}

现在,在这个特殊的情况下,这将不起作用,因为我上面编写的代码将在第一个子句中捕获两种类型,因为DormStudent继承自Student

要处理此问题,请反转检查:

if (MainMenu.myList[pos] is DormStudent)
{
    ...
}
else if (MainMenu.myList[pos] is Student)
{
    ...
}

这仍然有一个问题,如果继承DormStudentStudent的任何其他类型出现,它将被上面的if语句捕获。如果您不希望这样做,下面是如何仅识别已知类型的方法:

if (MainMenu.myList[pos].GetType() == typeof(DormStudent))
{
    ...
}
else if (MainMenu.myList[pos].GetType() == typeof(Student))
{
    ...
}
else
{
    ... // other type?
}