使用枚举类保持枚举到对象的映射

本文关键字:枚举 对象 映射 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:32:05

我经常需要一个枚举和另一个对象(本例中的字符串)之间的全局硬编码映射。我想共同定位枚举和映射定义以阐明维护。

如您所见,在此示例中,创建了一个具有一个静态字段的烦人的类。

public enum EmailTemplates
{
    // Remember to edit the corresponding mapping singleton!
    WelcomeEmail,
    ConfirmEmail
}
public class KnownTemplates
{
    public static Dictionary<EmailTemplates, string> KnownTemplates;
    static KnownTemplates() {
        KnownTemplates.Add(EmailTemplates.WelcomeEmail, "File1.htm");
        KnownTemplates.Add(EmailTemplates.ConfirmEmail, "File2.htm");
    }
}
有时,映射

类可以具有更多功能和有意义的名称,并且映射活动甚至可以是私有的。但这只会污染维护/关联问题。

有人对此有很好的模式吗?

使用枚举类保持枚举到对象的映射

可以使用属性来批注枚举,然后使用反射来生成字典。

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Field)]
sealed class TemplateAttribute : Attribute {
  public TemplateAttribute(String fileName) {
    FileName = fileName;
  }
  public String FileName { get; set; }
}
enum EmailTemplate {
  [Template("File1.htm")]
  WelcomeEmail,
  [Template("File2.htm")]
  ConfirmEmail
}
class KnownTemplates {
  static Dictionary<EmailTemplate, String> knownTemplates;
  static KnownTemplates() {
    knownTemplates = typeof(EmailTemplates)
      .GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
      .Where(fieldInfo => Attribute.IsDefined(fieldInfo, typeof(TemplateAttribute)))
      .Select(
        fieldInfo => new {
          Value = (EmailTemplate) fieldInfo.GetValue(null),
          Template = (TemplateAttribute) Attribute
            .GetCustomAttribute(fieldInfo, typeof(TemplateAttribute))
        }
      )
      .ToDictionary(x => x.Value, x => x.Template.FileName);
  }
}

如果您经常这样做,则可以创建一个更通用的泛型函数,该函数将枚举值与与该枚举值关联的属性组合在一起:

static IEnumerable<Tuple<TEnum, TAttribute>> GetEnumAttributes<TEnum, TAttribute>()
  where TEnum : struct
  where TAttribute : Attribute {
  return typeof(TEnum)
    .GetFields(BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public)
    .Where(fieldInfo => Attribute.IsDefined(fieldInfo, typeof(TAttribute)))
    .Select(
      fieldInfo => Tuple.Create(
        (TEnum) fieldInfo.GetValue(null),
        (TAttribute) Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(fieldInfo, typeof(TAttribute))
      )
    );
}

并像这样使用它:

knownTemplates = GetEnumAttributes<EmailTemplate, TemplateAttribute>()
  .ToDictionary(tuple => tuple.Item1, tuple => tuple.Item2.FileName);

为了获得更多乐趣,您可以创建一个扩展方法:

static class EmailTemplateExtensions {
  static Dictionary<EmailTemplate, String> templates;
  static EmailTemplateExtensions() {
    templates = GetEnumAttributes<EmailTemplate, TemplateAttribute>()
      .ToDictionary(tuple => tuple.Item1, tuple => tuple.Item2.FileName);
  }
  public static String FileName(this EmailTemplate emailTemplate) {
    String fileName;
    if (templates.TryGetValue(emailTemplate, out fileName))
      return fileName;
    throw new ArgumentException(
      String.Format("No template defined for EmailTemplate.{0}.", emailTemplate)
    );
  }
}

然后调用EmailTemplate.ConfirmEmail.FileName()将返回File2.htm

这是一种对我来说非常有效的方法。

public class BaseErrWarn : Attribute
{
    public string Code { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public BaseErrWarn(string code, string description)
    {
        this.Code = code;
        this.Description = description;
    }
}
public enum ErrorCode
{
    [BaseErrWarn("ClientErrMissingOrEmptyField", "Field was missing or empty.")] ClientErrMissingOrEmptyField,
    [BaseErrWarn("ClientErrInvalidFieldValue", "Not a valid field value.")] ClientErrInvalidFieldValue,
    [BaseErrWarn("ClientErrMissingValue", "No value passed in.")] ClientErrMissingValue
}

现在,您可以使用反射将枚举映射到 BaseErrWarn 类:

public static BaseErrWarn GetAttribute(Enum enumVal)
{
    return (BaseErrWarn)Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(ForValue(enumVal), typeof(BaseErrWarn));
}
private static MemberInfo ForValue(Enum errorEnum)
{
    return typeof(BaseErrWarn).GetField(Enum.GetName(typeof(BaseErrWarn), errorEnum));
}

下面是一个示例,它使用此映射将枚举映射到对象,然后从中提取字段:

    public BaseError(Enum errorCode)
    {
        BaseErrWarn baseError = GetAttribute(errorCode);
        this.Code = baseError.Code;
        this.Description = baseError.Description;
    }
    public BaseError(Enum errorCode, string fieldName)
    {
        BaseErrWarn baseError = GetAttribute(errorCode);
        this.Code = baseError.Code;
        this.Description = baseError.Description;
        this.FieldName = fieldName;
    }  

通常,当您想向枚举元素添加额外的信息或行为时,这意味着您需要一个完整的类。你可以从(旧)Java借用类型安全的枚举模式,并创建如下的东西:

sealed class EmailTemplate {
  public static readonly EmailTemplate Welcome = new EmailTemplate("File1.html");
  public static readonly EmailTemplate Confirm = new EmailTemplate("File2.html");
  private EmailTemplate(string location) {
    Location = location;
  }
  public string Location { get; private set; }
  public string Render(Model data) { ... }
}

现在,您可以将任何属性或方法与元素相关联,如上面的LocationRender