如何对视图模型使用方法进行单元测试

本文关键字:单元测试 使用方法 模型 视图 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:36:41

我想测试一个将 ViewModel 作为参数的帮助程序方法。我遇到的问题是测试似乎需要我实例化并分配我的 ViewModel 使用的所有模型。在我下面给出的示例中,这没什么大不了的,因为只有几个,但在我正在处理的实际 VM 中,有很多。有没有其他方法可以做到这一点,这样我就不必创建和分配每个对象?

用于说明目的的示例代码...

模型

public class Meal
{
    public int MealID { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public decimal Cost { get; set; }
}
public class Beverage
{
    public int BeverageID { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public decimal Cost { get; set; }
}
public class Desert
{
    public int DesertID { get; set; }
    public string Title { get; set; }
    public decimal Cost { get; set; }
}

视图模型

public class DinnerViewModel
{
    public Meal Meal { get; set; }
    public Beverage Beverage { get; set; }
    public Desert Desert { get; set; }
    public decimal SalesTax { get; set; }
    public bool SeniorDiscount { get; set; }
}

帮手

public class Calculator
{
    public decimal Total(DinnerViewModel dvm)
    {
        decimal subtotal = dvm.Meal.Cost + dvm.Beverage.Cost + dvm.Desert.Cost;
        if (dvm.SeniorDiscount)
        {
            subtotal = subtotal - (subtotal * 0.1M);
        }
        return subtotal + (subtotal * dvm.SalesTax);
    }
}

测试

[TestMethod]
public void CalculatorReturnsCorrectTotalForNonSenior()
{
    DinnerViewModel dvm = new DinnerViewModel();
    dvm.Meal.Cost = 7M;
    dvm.Beverage.Cost = 1M;
    dvm.Desert.Cost = 2M;
    dvm.SalesTax = 0.08M;
    dvm.SeniorDiscount = false;
    Calculator calc = new Calculator();
    decimal expected = 10.80M;
    decimal actual = calc.Total(dvm);
    Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, "The actual value does not match the expected value.");
}

这会导致"空引用异常"错误。正如我所说,我可以创建和分配必要的对象...

[...]
Meal meal = new Meal();
dvm.Meal = meal;
dvm.Meal.Cost = 7M;
[...]

。而且,一旦它们全部完成,测试就会成功 - 但这似乎在更大的 VM 上需要大量的工作,我有一种感觉,我可以做些什么来简化这一点。

如何对视图模型使用方法进行单元测试

您会看到 NullReferenceException,因为在实例化 DinnerViewModel 时,Meal、Beverage 和 Desert 实例不会分配给相应的属性。因此,所有这些属性都是 null .在访问这些属性之前,应创建并分配新对象。您可以使用视图模型的构造函数:

public class DinnerViewModel
{
    public DinnerViewModel()
    {
        Meal = new Meal();
        Beverage = new Beverage();
        Desert = new Desert();
    }
    public Meal Meal { get; set; }
    public Beverage Beverage { get; set; }
    public Desert Desert { get; set; }
    public decimal SalesTax { get; set; }
    public bool SeniorDiscount { get; set; }
}

我还喜欢创建一些返回测试存根的辅助方法。它消除了重复并使您的测试清晰:

private DinnerViewModel CreateTenDollarsDinner()
{
    return new DinnerViewModel {
        Meal = new Meal { Cost = 7M },
        Beverage = new Beverage { Cost = 1M },
        Desert = new Desert { Cost = 2M },
        SalesTax = 0.08M,
        SeniorDiscount = false
    };
}
[TestMethod]
public void CalculatorReturnsCorrectTotalForNonSenior()
{
    DinnerViewModel dvm = CreateTenDollarsDinner();    
    Calculator calc = new Calculator();
    Assert.AreEqual(10.80M, calc.Total(dvm));
}
要么

你的模型(Meal,Beaverage和Dessert)也是ViewModels,要么你的DinnerViewModel不是真正的ViewModel。

视图

模型的目的是为视图提供直接可用的值。

根据单元测试示例,将 Calculator.Total 帮助程序方法直接放入 DinnerViewModel,并将总计算值作为属性公开给视图会更合适:

public class DinerViewModel
{
    public Meal Meal { get; set; }
    public Beverage Beverage { get; set; }
    public Desert Desert { get; set; }
    public decimal SalesTax { get; set; }
    public bool SeniorDiscount { get; set; }
    public decimal TotalCostOfDinner
    {
        get
        {
            decimal subtotal = 0M;
            if(Meal != null) subtotal += Meal.Cost;
            if(Beverage != null) subtotal += Beverage.Cost;
            if(Desert != null) subtotal += Desert.Cost;
            if (SeniorDiscount) subtotal -= subtotal * 0.1M;
            return subtotal + (subtotal * SalesTax);
        }
    }
}

现在,您的视图可以直接从 DinnerView 模型中获取正确的 TotalCostOfDinner。

现在进行单元测试:

[TestMethod]
public void TotalCostOfDinnerReturnsCorrectTotalForNonSenior()
{
    DinnerViewModel dvm = new DinnerViewModel
    {
        Meal = new Meal { Cost = 7M },
        Beverage = new Beverage { Cost = 1M },
        Desert = new Desert { Cost = 2M },
        SalesTax = 0.08M,
        SeniorDiscount = false
    };

    decimal expected = 10.80M;
    decimal actual = dvm.TotalCostOfDinner;
    Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual, "The actual value does not match the expected value.");
}