如何使用在方法中具有依赖关系的moq对类进行单元测试
本文关键字:moq 单元测试 关系 依赖 何使用 方法 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:59:27
我想单元测试一个类AuthClient
(使用Moq
),该类用于验证用户。
问题是我的AuthenticationService
依赖项没有注入到类中。我对如何在不注入依赖项的情况下测试流感到有点困惑。
[TestClass]
public class AuthClient
{
string Dictionary<string, IList<UserPermissions> _userPermissions;
User Login(string username, string password)
{
IAuthenticationService authenticationService = new AuthenticationService();
User user = authService.Login(username, password);
IAuthorizationService authorizationService = new AuthorizationService();
var permissions = authorizationService.GetPermissions(user);
_userPermissions.Add(user.Username, permissions);
return user;
}
}
我当前的单元测试代码看起来像:
public class UnitTestClass
{
public string UserName {get;set;}
public string Password {get;set;}
[TestInitialize]
public void Setup()
{
UserName = "test";
Password = "test123";
}
[TestMethod]
public void When_ValidUserCredentials_Expect_UserIsNotNull()
{
var mockAuthenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticateService>();
mockAuthenticationService.Setup(m => m.Login(ValidUserName, ValidPassword)).Returns(ValidUserDto);
var mockAuthorizationService = new Mock<IAuthorizeService>();
mockAuthorizationService.Setup(m => m.GetAllPermissions(ValidUserId)).Returns(ValidPermissionList);
var authClient = new Mock<AuthClient>();
// I want to use mock dependencies here to test flow against mock data
User user = authClient.Login(UserName, Password);
Assert.IsNotNull(user);
}
}
你知道哪里出了问题吗?
Moq允许您测试依赖于其他类/对象的类(以及许多其他内容)。注:Moq不是IOC容器。
在AuthClient类中,您不允许给它任何依赖项,相反,它正在实例化自己的,例如
IAuthenticationService authenticationService = new AuthenticationService();
相反,您需要在AuthClient类上定义一个构造函数,该构造函数接受两个对象(它应该依赖于这两个对象),还有其他方法可以"注入"依赖关系,但现在我们将使用构造函数注入(好例子)
例如
public class AuthClient
{
string Dictionary<string, IList<UserPermissions> _userPermissions;
private IAuthenticationService _authenticationService;
private IAuthorizationService _authorizationService;
public AuthClient(IAuthenticationService authenticationService, IAuthorizationService authorizationService)
{
_authenticationService = authenticationService;
_authorizationService = authorizationService;
}
User Login(string username, string password)
{
User user = _authenticationService.Login(username, password);
var permissions = _authorizationService.GetPermissions(user);
_userPermissions.Add(user.Username, permissions);
return user;
}
}
现在,每次你想使用这个类,你都必须告诉它应该使用哪个授权服务和身份验证服务。您已经将AuthClient从一个特定的实现中解耦,现在它非常可测试和可重用(如果您想创建一个新的AuthenticationService,它可以做与旧的完全不同的事情,您只需要编写一个实现IAuthenticationService的类!)
现在,每次要使用AuthClient时,都必须包含它的依赖项(将它交给它的构造函数)。你应该更多地阅读依赖注入和IOC(控制反转)(这是一个非常大的主题,有很多不同的方法来做同样的事情),谷歌是你的朋友。
测试类现在应该是这样的:
public class UnitTestClass
{
public string UserName {get;set;}
public string Password {get;set;}
[TestInitialize]
public void Setup()
{
UserName = "test";
Password = "test123";
}
[TestMethod]
public void When_ValidUserCredentials_Expect_UserIsNotNull()
{
var mockAuthenticationService = new Mock<IAuthenticateService>();
mockAuthenticationService.Setup(m => m.Login(ValidUserName, ValidPassword)).Returns(ValidUserDto);
var mockAuthorizationService = new Mock<IAuthorizeService>();
mockAuthorizationService.Setup(m => m.GetAllPermissions(ValidUserId)).Returns(ValidPermissionList);
// Here we are "injecting" the dependencies into the AuthClient
var authClient = new AuthClient(mockAuthenticationService.Object, mockAuthorizationService.Object);
// This service call will now use the supplied (mocked) services above
User user = authClient.Login(UserName, Password);
Assert.IsNotNull(user);
}
}