如何在c#中使用继承创建一个简单的atm程序
本文关键字：一个 简单 程序 atm 创建 继承 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:01:35
我试图使用c#使用继承创建一个e-ATM控制台应用程序，但每次我调试时我都看到派生类值是null，而基类字段或属性则填充了值。为什么派生类不显示列表与他们的数据，即使它是从基类继承?
class CreateAccount
{
string firstName, lastName, dateOfBirth, phoneNO, fathersName, mothersName;
double initialBalance; int pinNo = 100, accountNo = 1234, age; DateTime yearOfBirth;
protected static List<CreateAccount> data = new List<CreateAccount>();
protected string FirstName
{
get { return this.firstName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else firstName = value;
}
}
protected string LastName
{
get { return this.lastName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else lastName = value;
}
}
protected string DateOfBirth
{
get { return this.dateOfBirth; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else dateOfBirth = value;
}
}
protected string PhoneNo
{
get { return this.phoneNO; }
set
{
if ((string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) || value.Length != 10)
throw new Exception();
else
phoneNO = value;
}
}
protected string FathersName
{
get { return this.fathersName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
throw new Exception();
else
fathersName = value;
}
}
protected string MothersName
{
get { return this.mothersName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
throw new Exception();
else
mothersName = value;
}
}
protected double InititailBalance
{
get { return this.initialBalance; }
set
{
if (double.IsNaN(value))
throw new Exception();
else
initialBalance = value;
}
}
protected int PinNo
{
get { return this.pinNo; }
}
protected int AccountNo
{
get { return this.accountNo; }
}
public void GenerateAccount()
{
// code for asking user for their details.
data.Add(this);
}
}
class ATM :CreateAccount
{
public void Deposit()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter your account number");
int accountNo = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
if (accountNo == AccountNo)
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter your amount you wish to deposit");
int amount = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
InititailBalance+= amount;
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine("Menu");
Console.WriteLine("1.Create Account");
Console.WriteLine("2.ATM");
Console.Write("Please enter your selections: ");
int select = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
switch (select)
{
case 1:
CreateAccount account = new CreateAccount();
account.GenerateAccount();
break;
case 2:
ATM atm = new ATM();
atm.Deposit();
break;
}
}
}
}
您正在创建两个不同的对象:一个'CreateAccount'对象和一个'ATM'对象。ATM对象不会自动继承先前创建的CreateAccount对象的值，它们是两个完全不同的、不相关的实体。
因此，为了使ATM对象具有与CreateAccount对象相同的值，您必须将CreateAccount对象复制到ATM对象中。
CreateAccount account = new CreateAccount();
//set account variables here
ATM atm = (ATM)account;
这是如何正确使用继承的，继承在这种情况下实际上是无用的。在这种情况下，Dictionary是合适的数据结构，因为可以避免使用它进行重复。同样，从这段代码中，您可能希望从Account类中删除accountNo，以避免保留重复的数字，并在调用GenerateAccount()方法之前询问它。这是完整的控制台应用程序:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace ATM
{
class Account
{
string firstName, lastName, dateOfBirth, phoneNO, fathersName, mothersName;
double initialBalance;
int pinNo, accountNo, age;
DateTime yearOfBirth;
public Account()
{
pinNo = 100;
accountNo = 1234;
}
public string FirstName
{
get { return this.firstName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else firstName = value;
}
}
public string LastName
{
get { return this.lastName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else lastName = value;
}
}
public string DateOfBirth
{
get { return this.dateOfBirth; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) throw new Exception();
else dateOfBirth = value;
}
}
public string PhoneNo
{
get { return this.phoneNO; }
set
{
if ((string.IsNullOrEmpty(value)) || value.Length != 10)
throw new Exception();
else
phoneNO = value;
}
}
public string FathersName
{
get { return this.fathersName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
throw new Exception();
else
fathersName = value;
}
}
public string MothersName
{
get { return this.mothersName; }
set
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
throw new Exception();
else
mothersName = value;
}
}
public double InititailBalance
{
get { return this.initialBalance; }
set
{
if (double.IsNaN(value))
throw new Exception();
else
initialBalance = value;
}
}
public int PinNo
{
get { return this.pinNo; }
}
public int AccountNo
{
get { return this.accountNo; }
}
public void GenerateAccount()
{
// code for asking user for their details.
}
}
class ATM
{
public static Dictionary<int, Account> AccountsList;
static ATM()
{
AccountsList = new Dictionary<int, Account>();
}
public void CreateAccount()
{
Account acc = new Account();
acc.GenerateAccount();
AccountsList.Add(acc.AccountNo, acc);
}
public void Deposit()
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter your account number");
int accountNo = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
if (AccountsList.ContainsKey(accountNo))
{
Console.WriteLine("Enter your amount you wish to deposit");
int amount = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
AccountsList[accountNo].InititailBalance += amount;
}
}
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ATM atm = new ATM();
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine("Menu");
Console.WriteLine("1.Create Account");
Console.WriteLine("2.ATM");
Console.Write("Please enter your selections: ");
int select = int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
switch (select)
{
case 1:
atm.CreateAccount();
break;
case 2:
atm.Deposit();
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("Invalid selection!");
break;
}
}
}
}
}
CreateAccount是Atm的操作，这就是为什么我认为你不应该使用继承。我提出这样的解决方案:
类账户:
class Account
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; }
public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
public double Balance { get; set; }
// More properties here
...
}
类Atm:
class Atm
{
public List<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
public Atm()
{
Accounts = new List<Account>();
}
public void CreateAccount()
{
var account = new Account();
// Get details from user here:
...
account.Balance = 0.0;
account.Id = Accounts.Count + 1;
Accounts.Add(account);
}
public void Deposit()
{
int accountId;
// Get input from the user here:
// --------------------------------
// 1. Check that the account exists
// 2. Deposit into the account.
...
}
完整例子:
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
var atm = new Atm();
while (true)
{
int option;
Console.WriteLine();
Console.WriteLine("Menu:");
Console.WriteLine("1. Create Account");
Console.WriteLine("2. Deposit");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Please make a selection: ");
var input = int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out option);
Console.WriteLine("-----------------");
switch (option)
{
case 1:
atm.CreateAccount();
break;
case 2:
atm.Deposit();
break;
}
}
}
}
class Account
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string FirstName { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public DateTime DateOfBirth { get; set; }
public string PhoneNumber { get; set; }
public double Balance { get; set; }
}
class Atm
{
public List<Account> Accounts { get; set; }
public Atm()
{
Accounts = new List<Account>();
}
public void CreateAccount()
{
var account = new Account();
Console.WriteLine("Create a new account!");
Console.WriteLine();
Console.Write("Enter first name: ");
account.FirstName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter last name: ");
account.LastName = Console.ReadLine();
Console.Write("Enter date of birth: ");
account.DateOfBirth = DateTime.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
Console.Write("Enter phone number: ");
account.PhoneNumber = Console.ReadLine();
account.Balance = 0.0;
account.Id = Accounts.Count + 1;
Accounts.Add(account);
}
public void Deposit()
{
int accountId;
Console.Write("Enter your account number: ");
int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out accountId);
var account = Accounts.FirstOrDefault(a => a.Id == accountId);
if (account != null)
{
double amount;
Console.Write("Enter amount to deposit: ");
double.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out amount);
account.Balance += amount;
Console.Write("Your new balance is {0}", account.Balance);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("That account does not exist!");
}
}
}