在WPF中创建自定义UI元素

本文关键字：UI 元素 自定义 创建 WPF | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:04:17

我的代码中有几个TextBoxes和Labels，它们是用以下XAML实现的:

<DockPanel HorizontalAlignment="Right">
    <TextBlock Foreground="Black" Padding="0,0,10,0">Serial Number:</TextBlock>
    <TextBox Width="150" IsReadOnly="True" BorderBrush="Gainsboro" Height="20"></TextBox>
</DockPanel>

我可以通过以下方式减少一些复制的代码:

<DockPanel HorizontalAlignment="Right">
    <TextBlock Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBoxLbl}">Serial Number:</TextBlock>
    <TextBox Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBox}"></TextBox>
</DockPanel>

，但它仍然有点长。是否可以这样做:

<controls:CstmTextBox Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBox}" LabelText="Serial Number:" Text=""/>

其中CstmTextBox将实现获得相同视觉效果所需的任何XAML，并且我可以访问代码中的TextBlock文本和TextBox文本。如

CstmTextBox textbox;
textbox.LabelText = "Serial Number:";
String some_text = textbox.Text;
textbox.Text = "....";

在WPF中创建自定义UI元素

将UserControl添加到您的解决方案中，并复制您想要重用的XAML。

如果您将x:Name设置为UserControl中的控件…

<UserControl ... >
    <DockPanel HorizontalAlignment="Right">
        <TextBlock x:Name="SerialNumberTextBlock" Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBoxLbl}">Serial Number:</TextBlock>
        <TextBox x:Name="SerialNumberTextBox" Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBox}"></TextBox>
    </DockPanel>
</UserControl>

…您可以从外部(代码后)访问它们，像这样:

CstmTextBox textbox;
textbox.SerialNumberTextBlock.Text = "Serial Number:";
String some_text = textbox.SerialNumberTextBox.Text;
textbox.SerialNumberTextBox.Text = "....";

但是如果您为想要公开的属性创建DependencyProperties就更好了。您可以在UserControl的代码后面定义这些属性:

public string Text
{
    get
    {
        return (string)GetValue(TextProperty);
    }
    set
    {
        SetValue (TextProperty, value);
    }
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty = 
    DependencyProperty.Register("Text", typeof(string), typeof (CstmTextBox));

然后将这些属性绑定到UserControl中的控件:

<UserControl x:Name="Root" ... >
    <DockPanel HorizontalAlignment="Right">
        <TextBlock x:Name="SerialNumberTextBlock" Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBoxLbl}"
                   Text="{Binding LabelText, ElementName=Root}" />
        <TextBox x:Name="SerialNumberTextBox" Style="{StaticResource CstmTextBox}"
                 Text="{Binding Text, ElementName=Root, Mode=TwoWay}" />
    </DockPanel>
</UserControl>

这样就可以直接从外部设置属性，无论是代码隐藏，XAML还是Binding。

UserControl或CustomControl满足您的需求。这是CustomControl的代码。

c#: 

public class CstmTextBox : Control
{
    public string LabelText
    {
        get
        {
            return (string)GetValue (LabelTextProperty);
        }
        set
        {
            SetValue (LabelTextProperty, value);
        }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty LabelTextProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register ("LabelText", typeof (string), typeof (CstmTextBox), new PropertyMetadata (string.Empty));
    public string Text
    {
        get
        {
            return (string)GetValue (TextProperty);
        }
        set
        {
            SetValue (TextProperty, value);
        }
    }
    public static readonly DependencyProperty TextProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register ("Text", typeof (string), typeof (CstmTextBox), new PropertyMetadata (string.Empty));
}
XAML: 

    <Style TargetType="{x:Type controls:CstmTextBox}">
        <Setter Property="Template">
            <Setter.Value>
                <ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type controls:CstmTextBox}">
                    <DockPanel HorizontalAlignment="Right">
                        <TextBlock Foreground="Black" Padding="0,0,10,0" Text="{TemplateBinding LabelText}"/>
                        <TextBox Width="150" IsReadOnly="True" BorderBrush="Gainsboro" Height="20" Text="{TemplateBinding Text}"/>
                    </DockPanel>
                </ControlTemplate>
            </Setter.Value>
        </Setter>
    </Style>

将样式添加到资源中，并使用新的控件:

    <controls:CstmTextBox LabelText="abcde" Text="1234"/>
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