遵循DRY与WinForms MDI子窗口

本文关键字:窗口 MDI WinForms DRY 遵循 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:06:11

所以我正在使用WinForms在c#中构建一个MDI应用程序。在这种情况下,我无法弄清楚如何遵循DRY。我在我的主菜单条中使用toolstripmenuitems打开新的MDI儿童。我重用了"NewChild"方法作为这些事件的事件处理程序。我尽量不为每个子窗口重复我自己,因为它们都遵循相同的实例化模式。

我已经研究过泛型和使用Type类,但它并没有真正让我得到我想要的。理想情况下,我只想说

    // etc...
    TypeOfForm = ConfigurationForm;
}
new TypeOfForm();

但我认为不存在这种丢失的语言结构。

public partial class MainForm : Form
{
    private AboutForm aboutForm;
    private ConfigurationForm configForm;
    private ResultsForm resultForm;
    private LogForm logForm;
    private void NewChild(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Form newForm;
        if (sender == testConfigurationToolStripMenuItem)
        {
            if (configForm == null)
            {
                configForm = new ConfigurationForm();
            }
            newForm = configForm;
        }
        else if (sender == resultsToolStripMenuItem)
        {
            if (resultForm == null)
            {
                resultForm = new ResultsForm();
            }
            newForm = resultForm;
        }
        else if (sender == logToolStripMenuItem)
        {
            if (logForm == null)
            {
                logForm = new LogForm();
            }
            newForm = logForm;
        }
        else
        {
            return;
        }
        newForm.MdiParent = this;
        newForm.Disposed += new EventHandler(ChildDisposed);
        newForm.Show();
    }
}
在这种情况下实现DRY的好方法是什么?

遵循DRY与WinForms MDI子窗口

我会不惜一切代价避免检查类型。它确实使代码混乱。

你真的想为这个通用代码使用泛型:

// for multiple instance forms (and instantiating a "singleton" form)
private void AddNewChild<T>() where T: Form
{
    T newForm = new T();
    newForm.MdiParent = this;
    newForm.Disposed += new EventHandler(ChildDisposed);
    newForm.Show();   
}
// for "singleton" forms
private void ActivateChild<T>() where T: Form
{
    // off-the-cuff guess, this line may not work/compile
    var child = this.MdiChildren.OfType<T>().FirstOrDefault();
    if (child == null) 
    {
        AddNewChild<T>();
    }
    else
    {
        child.Show();
    }
}
// usage
logToolStripMenuItem.Click += (s,e) => ActivateChild<LogForm>();
testConfigurationToolStripMenuItem.Click += (s,e) => ActivateChild<ConfigurationForm>();
multipleInstanceFormMenuItem.Click += (s,e) => AddNewChild<FormX>();
...

我有个建议:

用toolstrip对象(或使用Tag属性)和它们匹配的表单或表单类型创建一个字典

// you can't use the UI controls before Init, you could use their Tags
// so this should be considered pseudo code
private Dictionary<string, Type> ToolstripForms = new Dictionary<string, Type>
{
    { testConfigurationToolStripMenuItem, typeof(ConfigurationForm) }, 
    { resultsToolStripMenuItem, typeof(ResultsForm) }, 
};

和NewForm方法中的

private void NewChild(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Form newForm = null;
    // some casting and exception handling would go well here
    if (sender != null && ToolstripForms.ContainsKey(sender)) // or sender.Tag?
    {
        newForm = Activator.CreateInstance(ToolstripForms[sender]) as Form;
    }
    ...
}

您可能需要一种方法来确定表单是否已经打开并关注它,而不是每次都打开一个新表单,但这取决于您。一种方法是使用一对对象作为该字典中的值—类型和现有实例,尽管其他方法可能看起来更好。