如何将未处理的KeyDown事件传播到父控件

本文关键字:传播 控件 事件 KeyDown 未处理 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:07:31

背景

我有几个相当复杂的C#gui应用程序,控件嵌套在控件内部的控件中,这需要全局处理热键(即,需要有一个顶级处理程序,无论焦点在哪里,都可以捕捉按键(。

我的要求可能有点与众不同,因为有些热键通常是按字母键,甚至空格键。当按下空格键时,显然会有一些控件,比如文本框,已经可以处理它了。在焦点控件处理键的情况下,我希望避免调用全局热键处理程序。

我目前的解决方案是使用PreFilterMessage全局处理热键,然后在PreFilterMessage调用内部,如果已知聚焦控件处理该键,我有绕过全局热键的代码。(但是,由于IsInputKey是受保护的,我无法询问控件是否处理该键,所以我对热键应该绕过哪些控件有自己的混乱逻辑(。

我对PreFilterMessage解决方案不太满意,他们似乎应该是一种更优雅的方式。从概念上讲,我想要的行为非常简单。如果焦点控件处理KeyDown,那么我不希望其他任何东西来处理它。否则,Parent控件应该尝试处理它,如果该控件不处理键,它应该尝试它的父控件,直到它一直到达Form的KeyDown处理程序。

问题

是否有一种方法可以在控件上设置KeyDown处理程序,使其仅在以下情况下接收事件:

  • 控件或其子控件之一是焦点,并且
  • 子控件都没有焦点,或者焦点控件不处理KeyDown事件

我已经对此做了尽可能多的研究。我知道PreFilterMessage和Form.KeyPreview,但据我所知,当密钥应该由一些更具体的控件处理时,它们并没有一种干净的方法来忽略密钥,因为他们在焦点控件得到事件之前就得到了它。我真正想要的几乎是相反的——在焦点控件决定是否处理之前,表单不会得到KeyDown。

如何将未处理的KeyDown事件传播到父控件

您正在寻找一个键盘挂钩。

创建一个名为KeyboardHook的类,如下所示:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public sealed class KeyboardHook : IDisposable
{
    // Registers a hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool RegisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id, uint fsModifiers, uint vk);
    // Unregisters the hot key with Windows.
    [DllImport("user32.dll")]
    private static extern bool UnregisterHotKey(IntPtr hWnd, int id);
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the window that is used internally to get the messages.
    /// </summary>
    private class Window : NativeWindow, IDisposable
    {
        private static int WM_HOTKEY = 0X0312;
        public Window()
        {
            // create the handle for the window.
            this.CreateHandle(new CreateParams());
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Overridden to get the notifications.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="m"></param>
        protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
        {
            base.WndProc(ref m);
            // check if we got a hot key pressed.
            if (m.Msg == WM_HOTKEY)
            {
                // get the keys.
                Keys key = (Keys)(((int)m.LParam >> 16) & 0xFFFF);
                ModifierKeys modifier = (ModifierKeys)((int)m.LParam & 0xFFFF);
                // invoke the event to notify the parent.
                if (KeyPressed != null)
                    KeyPressed(this, new KeyPressedEventArgs(modifier, key));
            }
        }
        public event EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs> KeyPressed;
        #region IDisposable Members
        public void Dispose()
        {
            this.DestroyHandle();
        }
        #endregion
    }
    private Window _window = new Window();
    private int _currentId;
    public KeyboardHook()
    {
        // register the event of the inner native window.
        _window.KeyPressed += delegate(object sender, KeyPressedEventArgs args)
        {
            if (KeyPressed != null)
                KeyPressed(this, args);
        };
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// Registers a hot key in the system.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="modifier">The modifiers that are associated with the hot key.</param>
    /// <param name="key">The key itself that is associated with the hot key.</param>
    public void RegisterHotKey(ModifierKeys modifier, Keys key)
    {
        // increment the counter.
        _currentId = _currentId + 1;
        // register the hot key.
        if (!RegisterHotKey(_window.Handle, _currentId, (uint)modifier, (uint)key))
            throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn’t register the hot key.");
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// A hot key has been pressed.
    /// </summary>
    public event EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs> KeyPressed;
    #region IDisposable Members
    public void Dispose()
    {
        // unregister all the registered hot keys.
        for (int i = _currentId; i > 0; i--)
        {
            UnregisterHotKey(_window.Handle, i);
        }
        // dispose the inner native window.
        _window.Dispose();
    }
    #endregion
}
/// <summary>
/// Event Args for the event that is fired after the hot key has been pressed.
/// </summary>
public class KeyPressedEventArgs : EventArgs
{
    private ModifierKeys _modifier;
    private Keys _key;
    internal KeyPressedEventArgs(ModifierKeys modifier, Keys key)
    {
        _modifier = modifier;
        _key = key;
    }
    public ModifierKeys Modifier
    {
        get { return _modifier; }
    }
    public Keys Key
    {
        get { return _key; }
    }
}
/// <summary>
/// The enumeration of possible modifiers.
/// </summary>
[Flags]
public enum ModifierKeys : uint
{
    Alt = 1,
    Control = 2,
    Shift = 4,
    Win = 8
}

你的表格应该是这样的:

    KeyboardHook hook = new KeyboardHook();
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        // register the event that is fired after the key press.
        hook.KeyPressed +=
        new EventHandler<KeyPressedEventArgs>(hook_KeyPressed);
        // register the control + alt + F12 combination as hot key.
        hook.RegisterHotKey(global::ModifierKeys.Control, Keys.A);
    }
    void hook_KeyPressed(object sender, KeyPressedEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.Modifier == global::ModifierKeys.Control && e.Key == Keys.A)
        {
             //Some code here when hotkey is pressed.
        }
        if (textBox1 == ActiveControl)
        {
            // if textBox1 is in focus
        }
    }

某些键组合不起作用,会在RegisterHotKey(ModifierKeys modifier, Keys key)方法上引发异常。

它似乎可以很好地使用Ctrl作为修饰符和任何字母作为键。

享受吧。