如何在Windows上唯一标识打印队列，即使该队列已重命名

本文关键字：队列 重命名 打印 Windows 标识 唯一 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:08:49

如何唯一可靠地识别给定服务器上的Windows打印队列，包括跨打印队列重命名?

我想处理如下情况:

  1. Jdoe创建打印机A
  2. 我的程序在某个点收集打印机A的信息
  3. Jdoe将打印机A重命名为打印机AA
  4. 我的程序在某个时刻再次收集打印机AA的信息

我怎么知道打印机A和打印机AA是同一台打印机(只是名称改变了)?

我想在c#中支持Windows XP/2003及更高版本。

我尝试过的事情:

在Windows 8/Server 2012上，似乎我可以通过WMI查看CIM_LogicalDevice->DeviceID来做到这一点，这似乎在重命名中保持一致，但在早期版本的操作系统中，此属性仅包含队列名称并在队列重命名时更改。

我也看了Win32_PnPEntity类(它不包含Windows 8之前的打印机)和Win32_Printer类(它不包含任何类型的ID除了名称)。

在注册表HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE'SOFTWARE'Microsoft'Windows NT'CurrentVersion'Print'Printers[打印机名称]中有一个QueueInstanceId字段包含GUID，但仅适用于Windows 8/Server 2012。在早期的操作系统中不存在。

打印假脱机程序API和GDI打印API似乎都通过名称识别队列，所以我没有发现任何有用的东西。

如何在Windows上唯一标识打印队列，即使该队列已重命名

下面是我在一个旧项目中用于确定打印机名称和驱动程序名称(以及打印机的其他一些细节)的一些代码。我不确定匹配司机的名字对你来说是否足够。我知道我已经在Win7上测试过了，我有80%的把握我在XP上测试过了(这是不久前的事了):

返回系统上的打印机名称/驱动程序名称的辅助方法: 

public static List<PrinterDriverItem> GetCardPrinterList()
{
    List<PrinterDriverItem> returnValue = new List<PrinterDriverItem>();
    uint cbNeeded = 0;
    uint cReturned = 0;
    bool ret = Win32PrintApi.EnumPrinters(Win32PrintApi.PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, null, 2, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref cbNeeded, ref cReturned);
    IntPtr addr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal((int)cbNeeded);
    ret = Win32PrintApi.EnumPrinters(Win32PrintApi.PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL, null, 2, addr, cbNeeded, ref cbNeeded, ref cReturned);
    if (ret)
    {
        Win32PrintApi.PRINTER_INFO_2[] printerInfo = new Win32PrintApi.PRINTER_INFO_2[cReturned];
        int offset = addr.ToInt32();
        for (int i = 0; i < cReturned; i++)
        {
            printerInfo[i].pServerName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pPrinterName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pShareName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pPortName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pDriverName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pComment = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pLocation = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pDevMode = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pSepFile = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pPrintProcessor = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pDatatype = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pParameters = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset)));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].pSecurityDescriptor = Marshal.ReadIntPtr(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].Attributes = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].Priority = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].DefaultPriority = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].StartTime = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].UntilTime = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].Status = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].cJobs = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            printerInfo[i].AveragePPM = (uint)Marshal.ReadInt32(new IntPtr(offset));
            offset += 4;
            returnValue.Add(new PrinterDriverItem() { PrinterName = printerInfo[i].pPrinterName, DriverName = printerInfo[i].pDriverName });
        }
    }
    Marshal.FreeHGlobal(addr);
    return returnValue;
}

Win32PrintApi类:

public class Win32PrintApi
{
    public const int PRINTER_ENUM_LOCAL = 0x00000002;
    [DllImport("winspool.drv", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
    public static extern bool EnumPrinters(int Flags, string Name, uint Level, IntPtr pPrinterEnum, uint cbBuf, ref uint pcbNeeded, ref uint pcReturned);
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    public struct PRINTER_INFO_2
    {
        public string pServerName;
        public string pPrinterName;
        public string pShareName;
        public string pPortName;
        public string pDriverName;
        public string pComment;
        public string pLocation;
        public IntPtr pDevMode;
        public string pSepFile;
        public string pPrintProcessor;
        public string pDatatype;
        public string pParameters;
        public IntPtr pSecurityDescriptor;
        public uint Attributes;
        public uint Priority;
        public uint DefaultPriority;
        public uint StartTime;
        public uint UntilTime;
        public uint Status;
        public uint cJobs;
        public uint AveragePPM;
    }
}

编辑:为了它的价值，我只是通过这段代码，看看我是否能找到任何独特的"看起来……对我来说，这些值大多数都是null或空白，但这里有一些东西:

Printer Name: XPS Card Printer - NEW 
Driver Name: XPS Card Printer
Port Name: USB DXP01 Port
Attributes: 2624
DevMode: 3562584

不确定这是否有帮助

您需要使用的是setup类中的以下函数:

  • SetupDiGetClassDevs
  • SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo
  • SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty
  • 硬件类id

这是我写的一个粗略的示例Cpp代码。无论打印机是本地/网络/重定向rdp打印机，硬件Id总是相同的，即使名称不同。

#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <SetupAPI.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "setupapi.lib")
void PrintPrinterIds(REFGUID ClassGuid)
{
    HDEVINFO hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&ClassGuid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT);
    if (hDevInfo == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
    {
        wprintf(L"Cannot get devices : %d'n", GetLastError());
        return;
    }
    int idx = 0;
    DWORD errorVal = ERROR_SUCCESS;
    while (true)
    {
        SP_DEVINFO_DATA devInfoData = {};
        WCHAR regProp[512];
        devInfoData.cbSize = sizeof(devInfoData);
        if (!SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hDevInfo, idx, &devInfoData))
        {
            errorVal = GetLastError();
            break;
        }
        if (!SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(
            hDevInfo,
            &devInfoData,
            SPDRP_FRIENDLYNAME,
            NULL,
            (PBYTE)regProp,
            sizeof(regProp),
            NULL))
        {
            errorVal = GetLastError();
            break;
        }
        wprintf(L"Friendly name = %s'n", regProp);
        if (!SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(
            hDevInfo,
            &devInfoData,
            SPDRP_HARDWAREID,
            NULL,
            (PBYTE)regProp,
            sizeof(regProp),
            NULL))
        {
            errorVal = GetLastError();
            break;
        }
        // hardwareId is reg_multi_sz
        // Print all of the hardware ids for this device
        PWCHAR pId = regProp;
        do
        {
            wprintf(L"HardwareId = %s'n", pId);
            pId += wcslen(pId) + 1;
        } while (pId[0] != 0);
        // Point to next device
        idx++;
    }
    if (errorVal != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
    {
        printf("Error : %d'n", errorVal);
    }
    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
}
int main()
{
    // {4d36e979-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
    static const GUID PrinterClass =
    { 0x4d36e979, 0xe325, 0x11ce, { 0xbf, 0xc1, 0x08, 0x00, 0x2b, 0xe1, 0x03, 0x18 } };
    PrintPrinterIds(PrinterClass);
    // L"{1ed2bbf9-11f0-4084-b21f-ad83a8e6dcdc}"
    static const GUID PrinterQueue =
    { 0x1ed2bbf9, 0x11f0, 0x4084, { 0xb2, 0x1f, 0xad, 0x83, 0xa8, 0xe6, 0xdc, 0xdc } };
    PrintPrinterIds(PrinterQueue);
}
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