从表格分层数据构建 json

本文关键字:构建 json 数据 分层 表格 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:08:52

假设我有一些数据,如下所示:

{
    "Menu": {
        "aaa": "aaa",
        "bbb": {
             "ccc": "ccc",
             "ddd": "ddd"
        },
        "eee": "eee"
     }
}

我可以像这样以这样的关系方式将这种类型的分层数据保存到数据库中:

https://i.stack.imgur.com/lmuq1.jpg

示例列表:

    List<MenuItem> menuItems = new List<MenuItem>();
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 1, ParentId = null, MenuName = "Menu", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 2, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "aaa", Url = "aaa", SiteId = 1 });
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 3, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "bbb", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 4, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ccc", Url = "ccc", SiteId = 1 });
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 5, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ddd", Url = "ddd", SiteId = 1 });
    menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 6, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "eee", Url = "eee", SiteId = 1 });

因此,当我从数据库获取关系数据作为 MenuItem 对象列表时,如何将其转换回 json?

public partial class MenuItem
{
    public int SiteMenuId { get; set; }
    public int SiteId { get; set; }
    public string MenuName { get; set; }
    public string Url { get; set; }
    public Nullable<int> ParentId { get; set; }
    public int CreatedUser { get; set; }
    public System.DateTime CreatedDate { get; set; }
    public Nullable<int> ModifiedUser { get; set; }
    public Nullable<System.DateTime> ModifiedDate { get; set; }
} 

我必须使用字典或扩展对象或其他东西吗?我想拥有与开始时完全相同的格式。

从表格分层数据构建 json

使用 Json.net,我们可以编写一个自定义转换器来从MenuItem列表中生成我们想要的 json

注意:我省略了转换器的阅读器部分以使其简洁(因为它与问题无关(,但逻辑类似于编写器部分。

class MenuItemJsonConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        return objectType == typeof (MenuItemCollection) || objectType==typeof(List<MenuItem>);
    }
    public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        throw new NotImplementedException();
    }
    public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        var map=new Dictionary<int,JObject>();
        var collection = (List<MenuItem>) value;
        var root=new JObject();
        var nestedItems=collection.GroupBy(i => i.ParentId).ToLookup(g=>g.Key); //or we can simply check for item.Url==null but I believe this approach is more flexible
        foreach (var item in collection)
        {
            if (item.ParentId == null)
            {
                var firstObj=new JObject();
                root.Add(item.MenuName,firstObj);
                map.Add(item.SiteMenuId,firstObj);
                continue;
            }
            var parent = map[item.ParentId.Value];
            if (!nestedItems.Contains(item.SiteMenuId))
            {
                parent.Add(item.MenuName,item.Url);
                continue;
            }
            var jObj = new JObject();
            parent.Add(item.MenuName, jObj);
            map.Add(item.SiteMenuId, jObj);
        }
        writer.WriteRaw(root.ToString());
    }
}

以下是直接使用示例:

        var menuItems = new List<MenuItem>();
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 1, ParentId = null, MenuName = "Menu", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 2, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "aaa", Url = "aaa", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 3, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "bbb", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 4, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ccc", Url = "ccc", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 5, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ddd", Url = "ddd", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 6, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "eee", Url = "eee", SiteId = 1 });
        var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(menuItems,Formatting.Indented,new MenuItemJsonConverter());

或者我们可以从List<>中衍生出来,并用[JsonConverter(typeof(MenuItemJsonConverter))]装饰它,以获得更大的方便:

[JsonConverter(typeof(MenuItemJsonConverter))]
class MenuItemCollection : List<MenuItem>
{      
}

然后简单地使用它,就像:

        var menuItems = new MenuItemCollection();
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 1, ParentId = null, MenuName = "Menu", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 2, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "aaa", Url = "aaa", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 3, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "bbb", Url = null, SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 4, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ccc", Url = "ccc", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 5, ParentId = 3, MenuName = "ddd", Url = "ddd", SiteId = 1 });
        menuItems.Add(new MenuItem() { SiteMenuId = 6, ParentId = 1, MenuName = "eee", Url = "eee", SiteId = 1 });
        var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(menuItems,Formatting.Indented);

您可以为此目的创建 KeyValuePair 对象:

KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>> toExport = new KeyValuePair<int, int>("Menu", new List<Object>());

然后,您可以添加元素,如下所示:

toExport.Value.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("aaa", "aaa"));

要为此添加复合内容,您可以执行以下操作:

KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>> bbb = new KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>>("bbb", new List<Object>());
bbb.Value.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("ccc", "ccc"));
bbb.Value.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("ddd", "ddd"));
toExport.Value.Add(bbb);

构建对象后,可以使用NewtonSoft的JsonConvert.SerializeObject方法。

您还可以创建一个帮助程序类来帮助您。

编辑:创建动态数据。

public class DynamicKeyValueBuilder {
    private KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>> toExport;
    public DynamicKeyValueBuilder(string mainKey) {
        toExport = new KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>>(mainKey, new List<Object>());
    }
    public string getJSON() {
        return JsonConvert.SerializeObject(this.toExport);
    }
    private KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>> searchParent(List<string> path) {
        KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>> temp = (KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>>)this.toExport;
        int index = 0;
        while (index < path.Count) {
            try {
                temp = (KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>>)temp.First(item => item.Key == path.ElementAt(index)); //throws exception if value is not list or the element was not found
                index++;
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                //handle exceptions
                return null;
            }
        }
        return temp;
    }
    //If value == null, we create a list
    public boolean addElement(List<string> path, string key, string value) {
        KeyValuePair<string, Object> parent = this.searchParent(path);
        //failure
        if (parent == null) {
            return false;
        }
        parent.Value.Add((value == null) ? (new KeyValuePair<string, List<Object>>(key, new List<Object>())) : (new KeyValuePair<string, string>(key, value)));
        return true;
    }
}

代码未经测试,如果您遇到错误,请告诉我,而不仅仅是投反对票,我相信我在这里努力提供帮助。

您可以像这样实例化类:

DynamicKeyValueBuilder myBuilder = new DynamicKeyValueBuilder("Menu");

当您打算添加新的<string, string>元素时,可以这样做:

myBuilder.Add(new List<string>(new string[] {"Menu"}), "aaa", "aaa");

当您打算添加新的<string, List<Object>>元素时,可以这样做:

myBuilder.Add(new List<string>(new string[] {"Menu"}), "bbb", null);

当您打算在内部列表中添加某些内容时,可以这样做:

myBuilder.Add(new List<string>(new string[] {"Menu", "bbb"}), "ccc", "ccc");

如果可以使用 NewtonSoft,请使用 反序列化 JSON 内容并查看生成的对象的外观。然后,创建一个与反序列化的结果结构匹配的类。逆向工程...

使用此方法:

var obj = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject("{ "menu": { "aaa": "aaa"......} }");

让我知道你的发现。