同步调用async方法
本文关键字：方法 async 调用 同步 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:53:09
我有一个async方法:
public async Task<string> GenerateCodeAsync()
{
string code = await GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync();
return code;
}
我需要从同步方法中调用这个方法。
我如何做到这一点，而不必复制GenerateCodeAsync方法，以使其同步工作?
但没有找到合理的解决方案。
然而，我看到HttpClient已经实现了这个模式
using (HttpClient client = new HttpClient())
{
// async
HttpResponseMessage responseAsync = await client.GetAsync(url);
// sync
HttpResponseMessage responseSync = client.GetAsync(url).Result;
}
您可以访问任务的Result属性，这将导致线程阻塞，直到结果可用:
string code = GenerateCodeAsync().Result;
注意:在某些情况下，这可能会导致死锁:对Result的调用阻塞了主线程，从而阻止了其余异步代码的执行。您可以使用以下选项来确保不会发生这种情况:
将
.ConfigureAwait(false)添加到库方法或显式地在线程池线程中执行异步方法并等待它完成:
string code = Task.Run(() => GenerateCodeAsync).Result;
这个并不意味着你应该在所有异步调用之后盲目地添加.ConfigureAwait(false) !有关为什么以及何时应该使用.ConfigureAwait(false)的详细分析，请参阅以下博客文章:
- 。. NET Blog: ConfigureAwait FAQ
您应该获得一个等待器(GetAwaiter())并结束等待异步任务(GetResult())的完成。
string code = GenerateCodeAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
您应该能够使用委托，lambda表达式
完成此操作private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label1.Text = "waiting....";
Task<string> sCode = Task.Run(async () =>
{
string msg =await GenerateCodeAsync();
return msg;
});
label1.Text += sCode.Result;
}
private Task<string> GenerateCodeAsync()
{
return Task.Run<string>(() => GenerateCode());
}
private string GenerateCode()
{
Thread.Sleep(2000);
return "I m back" ;
}
Microsoft Identity有同步调用异步方法的扩展方法。例如，有GenerateUserIdentityAsync()方法和equal CreateIdentity()
如果你看UserManagerExtensions.CreateIdentity()它看起来像这样:
public static ClaimsIdentity CreateIdentity<TUser, TKey>(this UserManager<TUser, TKey> manager, TUser user,
string authenticationType)
where TKey : IEquatable<TKey>
where TUser : class, IUser<TKey>
{
if (manager == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException("manager");
}
return AsyncHelper.RunSync(() => manager.CreateIdentityAsync(user, authenticationType));
}
现在让我们看看AsyncHelper。RunSync做
public static TResult RunSync<TResult>(Func<Task<TResult>> func)
{
var cultureUi = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
var culture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
return _myTaskFactory.StartNew(() =>
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureUi;
return func();
}).Unwrap().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
这是async方法的包装器。请不要从结果中读取数据-它可能会阻止您在ASP中的代码。
还有另一种方法——这对我来说很可疑，但你也可以考虑一下
Result r = null;
YourAsyncMethod()
.ContinueWith(t =>
{
r = t.Result;
})
.Wait();
为了防止死锁，当我必须同步调用@Heinzi提到的异步方法时，我总是尝试使用Task.Run()。
但是，如果异步方法使用参数，则必须修改该方法。例如，Task.Run(GenerateCodeAsync("test")).Result给出错误:
参数1:不能从'
System.Threading.Tasks.Task<string>'转换的系统。行动"
可以这样调用:
string code = Task.Run(() => GenerateCodeAsync("test")).Result;
我需要从一个同步方法中调用这个方法。
可能是GenerateCodeAsync().Result或GenerateCodeAsync().Wait()，正如另一个答案所暗示的那样。这将阻塞当前线程，直到GenerateCodeAsync完成。
然而，你的问题被标记为asp.net，你也留下了评论:
我的观点是，你的不应该在ASP.NET的异步方法上阻塞。这将降低你的web应用程序的可伸缩性，并可能造成死锁(当我希望有一个更简单的解决方案，认为asp.net处理这比写那么多行代码容易多了
GenerateCodeAsync中的await延续被发布到AspNetSynchronizationContext时)。使用Task.Run(...).Result将某些内容卸载到池线程，然后阻塞将进一步损害可伸缩性，因为它会导致+1多个线程来处理给定的HTTP请求。
ASP。. NET内置了对异步方法的支持，可以通过异步控制器(在ASP. NET中)。.NET MVC和Web API)或直接通过经典ASP.NET中的AsyncManager和PageAsyncTask。你应该用它。要了解更多细节，请查看此答案。
这个线程的大多数答案要么很复杂，要么会导致死锁。
下面的方法很简单，它可以避免死锁，因为我们正在等待任务完成，然后才得到它的结果-
var task = Task.Run(() => GenerateCodeAsync());
task.Wait();
string code = task.Result;
此外，这里有一篇参考MSDN文章，讨论的是完全相同的事情-https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/jpsanders/2017/08/28/asp-net-do-not-use-task-result-in-main-context/
我已经使用这种方法多年了，它还处理和传播来自底层异步任务的异常。
private string RunSync()
{
var task = Task.Run(async () => await GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync());
if (task.IsFaulted && task.Exception != null)
{
throw task.Exception;
}
return task.Result;
}
但是自从微软创建了这个异步帮助器:https://github.com/aspnet/AspNetIdentity/blob/main/src/Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Core/AsyncHelper.cs
这也是他们的来源:
public static void RunSync(Func<Task> func)
{
var cultureUi = CultureInfo.CurrentUICulture;
var culture = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture;
_myTaskFactory.StartNew(() =>
{
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = culture;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = cultureUi;
return func();
}).Unwrap().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
一些异步等待异步操作完成的扩展方法如何，然后设置一个ManualResetEvent来指示完成。
注意:你可以使用Task.Run()，但是扩展方法是一个更简洁的接口来表达你真正想要的。
显示如何使用扩展的测试:
[TestClass]
public class TaskExtensionsTests
{
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithNoResult()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResult().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithResult()
{
Assert.AreEqual(3, SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResult(3).AwaitResult());
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows(3).AwaitResult();
}
private static async Task SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResult()
{
await Task.Yield();
}
private static async Task<T> SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResult<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
return result;
}
private static async Task SampleAsynchronousOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
private static async Task<T> SampleAsynchronousOperationWithResultThrows<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithResult()
{
Assert.AreEqual(3, SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResult(3).AwaitResult());
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows().AwaitResult();
}
[TestMethod]
[ExpectedException(typeof(Exception))]
public void AsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows()
{
SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows(3).AwaitResult();
}
private static async ValueTask SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResult()
{
await Task.Yield();
}
private static async ValueTask<T> SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResult<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
return result;
}
private static async ValueTask SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithNoResultThrows()
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
private static async ValueTask<T> SampleAsynchronousValueOperationWithResultThrows<T>(T result)
{
await Task.Yield();
throw new Exception();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Defines extension methods for <see cref="Task"/> and <see cref="ValueTask"/>.
/// </summary>
public static class TaskExtensions
{
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking; ignoring cancellation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitCompletion(this ValueTask task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task, true).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking; ignoring cancellation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitCompletion(this Task task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task, true).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// The result type of the operation.
/// </typeparam>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the operation.
/// </returns>
public static T AwaitResult<T>(this Task<T> task)
{
return new SynchronousAwaiter<T>(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitResult(this Task task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
/// <typeparam name="T">
/// The result type of the operation.
/// </typeparam>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the operation.
/// </returns>
public static T AwaitResult<T>(this ValueTask<T> task)
{
return new SynchronousAwaiter<T>(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously await the results of an asynchronous operation without deadlocking.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the pending operation.
/// </param>
public static void AwaitResult(this ValueTask task)
{
new SynchronousAwaiter(task).GetResult();
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> if the operation is cancelled.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is to be ignored.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is ignored.
/// </returns>
public static async Task IgnoreCancellationResult(this Task task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the <see cref="OperationCanceledException"/> if the operation is cancelled.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is to be ignored.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose cancellation is ignored.
/// </returns>
public static async ValueTask IgnoreCancellationResult(this ValueTask task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the results of an asynchronous operation allowing it to run and die silently in the background.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="Task"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose results are to be ignored.
/// </param>
public static async void IgnoreResult(this Task task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// ignore exceptions
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Ignore the results of an asynchronous operation allowing it to run and die silently in the background.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The <see cref="ValueTask"/> representing the asynchronous operation whose results are to be ignored.
/// </param>
public static async void IgnoreResult(this ValueTask task)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch
{
// ignore exceptions
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Internal class for waiting for asynchronous operations that have a result.
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="TResult">
/// The result type.
/// </typeparam>
public class SynchronousAwaiter<TResult>
{
/// <summary>
/// The manual reset event signaling completion.
/// </summary>
private readonly ManualResetEvent manualResetEvent;
/// <summary>
/// The exception thrown by the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private Exception exception;
/// <summary>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private TResult result;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(Task<TResult> task)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(ValueTask<TResult> task)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether the operation is complete.
/// </summary>
public bool IsComplete => this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne(0);
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </returns>
public TResult GetResult()
{
this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne();
return this.exception != null ? throw this.exception : this.result;
}
/// <summary>
/// Tries to synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="operationResult">
/// The result of the operation.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// The result of the asynchronous operation.
/// </returns>
public bool TryGetResult(out TResult operationResult)
{
if (this.IsComplete)
{
operationResult = this.exception != null ? throw this.exception : this.result;
return true;
}
operationResult = default;
return false;
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(Task<TResult> task)
{
try
{
this.result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(ValueTask<TResult> task)
{
try
{
this.result = await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Internal class for waiting for asynchronous operations that have no result.
/// </summary>
public class SynchronousAwaiter
{
/// <summary>
/// The manual reset event signaling completion.
/// </summary>
private readonly ManualResetEvent manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
/// <summary>
/// The exception thrown by the asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
private Exception exception;
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(Task task, bool ignoreCancellation = false)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task, ignoreCancellation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="SynchronousAwaiter{TResult}"/> class.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task representing an asynchronous operation.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
public SynchronousAwaiter(ValueTask task, bool ignoreCancellation = false)
{
this.manualResetEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
this.WaitFor(task, ignoreCancellation);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets a value indicating whether the operation is complete.
/// </summary>
public bool IsComplete => this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne(0);
/// <summary>
/// Synchronously get the result of an asynchronous operation.
/// </summary>
public void GetResult()
{
this.manualResetEvent.WaitOne();
if (this.exception != null)
{
throw this.exception;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(Task task, bool ignoreCancellation)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Background "thread" which waits for the specified asynchronous operation to complete.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="task">
/// The task.
/// </param>
/// <param name="ignoreCancellation">
/// Indicates whether to ignore cancellation. Default is false.
/// </param>
private async void WaitFor(ValueTask task, bool ignoreCancellation)
{
try
{
await task.ConfigureAwait(false);
}
catch (OperationCanceledException)
{
}
catch (Exception exception)
{
this.exception = exception;
}
finally
{
this.manualResetEvent.Set();
}
}
}
}
您可以使用同步方法生成器库(nuget)来生成此代码的同步版本。
使用方法如下:
[Zomp.SyncMethodGenerator.CreateSyncVersion]
public async Task<string> GenerateCodeAsync()
{
string code = await GenerateCodeService.GenerateCodeAsync();
return code;
}
生成可以同步调用的GenerateCode方法
生成的源文件为:
public string GenerateCode()
{
string code = GenerateCodeService.GenerateCode();
return code;
}
EDIT:
Task具有等待方法Task.Wait()，该方法等待"promise"解析，然后继续，从而使其同步。例子:
async Task<String> MyAsyncMethod() { ... }
String mySyncMethod() {
return MyAsyncMethod().Wait();
}
我更喜欢非阻塞的方法:
Dim aw1=GenerateCodeAsync().GetAwaiter()
While Not aw1.IsCompleted
Application.DoEvents()
End While
如果你有一个名为" RefreshList "的异步方法，那么你可以像下面这样从一个非异步方法调用该异步方法。
Task.Run(async () => { await RefreshList(); });