有没有一种方法可以通过类的层次结构来分配属性

本文关键字:层次结构 属性 分配 可以通过 方法 一种 有没有 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:20:28

请查看以下类的层次结构:

Person [age, country, hair color, eyes color..]
   Adult [job, car..]
      Man [favorite beer..]
      Woman [purse..]
   Child [school, favorite toy]
      Boy
      Girl [doll]

每个派生类都有特定的属性:例如,成年人可能有工作,但孩子没有。一个女孩可能有一个最喜欢的娃娃和一所学校的名字。一个男孩也有学校的名字,但他没有最喜欢的娃娃。

我想实现一个克隆Boy(重新运行具有完全相同属性的Boy对象)的方法。我不想返回Boy并手动设置从ChildPerson继承的所有属性。

注:ChildAdultPerson为抽象类。

注2:所有这些人都有复杂的引用,我不想复制,在某些情况下,我只想复制引用的ID,但这应该手动完成,所以我需要对克隆的对象进行一些控制。

我在Person中想到了一个虚拟方法,它在每个子类中都被覆盖,但由于Person无法实例化,我不确定如何实现这种行为。

有没有一种方法可以通过类的层次结构来分配属性

取3。。。

解决方案1:

我更喜欢的方法是使用ICopyTo。我认为它比其他任何东西都好,因为它强制有一个合适类型的对象来复制。它还可以同时进行克隆和复制。更易于维护。

使用界面也有助于做正确的事情。别忘了打电话给基地。复制到。。。

此外,我们可以说CopyTo是Fluent接口的一部分

public interface ICopyTo<T>
{
    T CopyTo(T target);
}
public abstract class Person : ICopyTo<Person>, ICloneable
{
    public Person CopyTo(Person person)
    {
        person.Age = Age;
        person.Country = Country;
        return person;
    }
    public abstract object Clone();
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Country { get; set; }
}
public abstract class Adult : Person, ICopyTo<Adult>, ICloneable
{
    public Adult CopyTo(Adult adult)
    {
        base.CopyTo(this);
        adult.Car = Car;
        return adult;
    }
    public string Car { get; set; }
}
public class Man : Adult, ICopyTo<Man>,  ICloneable
{
    public Man CopyTo(Man man = null)
    {
        if (man == null)
        {
            man = new Man();
        }
        base.CopyTo(this);
        man.Beer = Beer;
        return man;
    }

    public string Beer { get; set; }
    public override object Clone()
    {
        return CopyTo();
    }
}
public class Woman : Adult, ICopyTo<Woman>, ICloneable
{
    public Woman CopyTo(Woman woman = null)
    {
        if (woman == null)
        {
            woman = new Woman();
        }
        base.CopyTo(this);
        woman.Purse = Purse;
        return woman;
    }
    public string Purse { get; set; }
    public override object Clone()
    {
        return CopyTo();
    }
}
public class Test
{
    public static void Go()
    {
        Man man1 = new Man() {Age = 10, Beer = "Bud", Country = "Canada"};
        Man man2 = new Man();
        man1.CopyTo(man2); // Real copy
        Woman woman1 = new Woman() {Age = 32, Country = "USA", Purse = "Anything"};
        Woman woman2 = woman1.CopyTo(); // Cloning
        List<Person> adults = new List<Person>();
        adults.Add(man1);
        adults.Add(man2);
        adults.Add(woman2);
        Person person0 = adults[0].Clone() as Person;
        Person person1 = adults[1].Clone() as Person;
        Person person2 = adults[2].Clone() as Person;
    }
}

解决方案2:(接近解决方案1,但ICloneable仅在基类)

public interface ICopyTo<T>
{
    T CopyTo(T target);
}
public abstract class Person : ICopyTo<Person>, ICloneable
{
    public virtual Person CopyTo(Person person)
    {
        if (person == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("person can't be null");
        }
        person.Age = Age;
        person.Country = Country;
        return person;
    }
    public object Clone()
    {
        return CopyTo(null);
    }
    public int Age { get; set; }
    public string Country { get; set; }
}
public abstract class Adult : Person, ICopyTo<Adult>, ICloneable
{
    public Adult CopyTo(Adult adult)
    {
        if (adult == null)
        {
            throw new ArgumentNullException("adult can't be null");
        }
        base.CopyTo(this);
        adult.Car = Car;
        return adult;
    }
    public override Person CopyTo(Person person)
    {
        return CopyTo(person as Adult);
    }
    public string Car { get; set; }
}
public class Man : Adult, ICopyTo<Man>
{
    public Man CopyTo(Man man = null)
    {
        if (man == null)
        {
            man = new Man();
        }
        base.CopyTo(this);
        man.Beer = Beer;
        return man;
    }
    public override Person CopyTo(Person person)
    {
        return CopyTo(person as Man);
    }
    public string Beer { get; set; }
}
public class Woman : Adult, ICopyTo<Woman>
{
    public Woman CopyTo(Woman woman = null)
    {
        if (woman == null)
        {
            woman = new Woman();
        }
        base.CopyTo(this);
        woman.Purse = Purse;
        return woman;
    }
    public override Person CopyTo(Person person)
    {
        return CopyTo(person as Woman);
    }
    public string Purse { get; set; }
}
public class Test
{
    public static void Go()
    {
        Man man1 = new Man() {Age = 10, Beer = "Bud", Country = "Canada"};
        Man man2 = new Man();
        man1.CopyTo(man2); // Real copy
        Woman woman1 = new Woman() {Age = 32, Country = "USA", Purse = "Anything"};
        Woman woman2 = woman1.CopyTo(); // Cloning
        List<Person> adults = new List<Person>();
        adults.Add(man1);
        adults.Add(man2);
        adults.Add(woman2);
        Person person0 = adults[0].Clone() as Person;
        Person person1 = adults[1].Clone() as Person;
        Person person2 = adults[2].Clone() as Person;
    }
}

解决方案3:

public static T Clone<T>(T source)
{
    if (!typeof(T).IsSerializable)
    {
        throw new ArgumentException("The type must be serializable.", "source");
    }
    // Don't serialize a null object, simply return the default for that object
    if (Object.ReferenceEquals(source, null))
    {
        return default(T);
    }
    IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
    Stream stream = new MemoryStream();
    using (stream)
    {
        formatter.Serialize(stream, source);
        stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
        return (T)formatter.Deserialize(stream);
    }
}

不必走浅层/深层克隆的道路(正如Marco所指出的),您可以使用自己的Clone函数来实现这一点。

class Person
{
   public Person(Person rhs) // cctor
   {
       Age = rhs.Age;
   }
   public int Age { get; set; }
   public abstract Person Clone();
}

   public class Adult : Person
   {
       public Adult(Adult rhs) : base(rhs)
       {
           JobType = rhs.JobType;
       }
       public JobType Job { get; set; }
       public override Person Clone() { return new Adult(this); }
   }

MemberwiseClone()方法可能是您想要的:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.object.memberwiseclone(v=vs.110).aspx

请注意,您需要手动克隆引用类型的类的任何成员,因为上述函数将只克隆它们的引用,并且生成的Boy克隆成员将引用与这些成员的原始实例相同的实例。

如果您的大多数或所有成员都是引用类型,ICloneable是一个更稳健的解决方案:https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.icloneable(v=vs.110).aspx

你可以在基类上使用简单的,如果你想在上层类中重写,你可以使用virtual。

public abstract class Person : ICloneable {
             public virtual object Clone() {
              //all upper classes is a Person object
              person = (Person)Activator.CreateInstance(this.GetType());
                    person.job = this.job; 
                    // ect more properties Lazy or Deep clone
                    person.blah = this.blah;
                    return person;
                }
           }
public abstract class Adult : Person {
      override object Clone() {
                    Adult adult =  (Adult) base.Clone();
                    adult.job = this.job;
                }
          }