如果SQL server不存在,请插入INTO

本文关键字:插入 INTO 不存在 SQL server 如果 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:27:17

我有一个数据库结构如下:

用户

userid (Primary Key)
username

groupid (PK)
groupName

用户组

userid (Foreign Key)
groupid (Foreign Key)

用户第一次登录时,我希望将他们的信息添加到用户表中。因此,从本质上讲,如果

if (//users table does not contain username)
{
INSERT INTO users VALUES (username);
}

如何使用SQLServer/C#智能地做到这一点?

如果SQL server不存在,请插入INTO

或者使用新的MERGE语法:

merge into users u
using ( 
   select 'username' as uname
) t on t.uname = u.username
when not matched then 
  insert (username) values (t.uname);

基本上你可以这样做:

IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM USER WHERE username = @username)
    INSERT INTO users (username) VALUES (@username)

但说真的,如果用户是第一次访问你的网站,你怎么知道呢?当有人在你的网站上注册时,你必须在表用户中插入记录,而不是登录。

IF NOT EXISTS (select * from users where username = 'username')
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO ...
END

我会首先在数据库上创建一个存储的proc来进行检查,并在必要时插入:

CREATE PROCEDURE AddNewUserProc
(
@username       VarChar(50) -- replace with your datatype/size
)
AS
    IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = @username)
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO users
        VALUES (@username)
    END

然后应用程序上的一个方法将调用此过程

public void AddNewUserMethod(string userName)
{
    SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection("connection string");
    SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("AddNewUserProc", connection);
    command.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
    command.Parameters.Add("username", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50).Value = userName;
    try
    {
        connection.Open();
        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
    }
    finally
    {
        if (connection.State == ConnectionState.Open) { connection.Close(); }
    }
}

注意将其作为备选/历史记录,但为了正确起见,正确的方法是使用Merge语句,请参阅答案https://stackoverflow.com/a/9649040/167304或签出MS文档https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/statements/merge-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver15

有一个简单的解决方案!我在这个帖子里找到的!

INSERT INTO users (Username) 
SELECT ('username')
WHERE NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM users WHERE Username= 'username')

在我的项目中,我需要使用两个值。所以我的代码是:

INSERT INTO MyTable (ColName1, ColName2) 
SELECT 'Value1','Value2' 
WHERE NOT EXISTS
(SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE ColName1 = 'Value1' AND ColName2= 'Value2')

希望这能有所帮助!

以下代码是一个方法,如果用户已经存在,则返回0,并返回刚刚添加的新用户ID

  private int TryToAddUser(string UserName)
        {
            int res = 0;
            try
            {
                string sQuery = " IF NOT EXISTS (select * from users where username = @username) 'n'r" + 
                " BEGIN 'n'r" + 
                "     INSERT INTO users values (@username) 'n'r" + 
                " SELECT SCOPE_IDENTITY() 'n'r " + 
                " END 'n'r " + 
                " ELSE SELECT 0";
                using (System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand cmd = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand())
                {
                    cmd.CommandText = sQuery;
                    cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@username",UserName);
                    cmd.Connection = new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection("SomeSqlConnString");
                    cmd.Connection.Open();
                    res = (int)cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                    cmd.Connection.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
            return res;
        }

@gbn答案需要SQL server 2008或更高版本。我尝试了一种非合并的方式。也许很丑陋,但它有效。

declare @user varchar(50)
set @user = 'username'
insert into users (username) 
select @user
where not exists (
 select username 
 from users 
 where username = @user
);

如果你想测试任何答案,这里是表的SQL-

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[users](
    [userid] [int] NULL,
    [username] [varchar](50) NULL
)
INSERT [dbo].[users] ([userid], [username]) VALUES (1, N'John')
INSERT [dbo].[users] ([userid], [username]) VALUES (2, N'David')
INSERT [dbo].[users] ([userid], [username]) VALUES (3, N'Stacy')
INSERT [dbo].[users] ([userid], [username]) VALUES (4, N'Arnold')
INSERT [dbo].[users] ([userid], [username]) VALUES (5, N'Karen')

这里有一个(可能过于简单化了)例子来解决您的问题。请注意,最好始终使用参数来防止注入攻击,尤其是在验证用户时。

CREATE PROCEDURE AddUser
  @username varchar(20)
AS
  IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT username FROM users WHERE username=@username)
    INSERT INTO users(username) VALUES (@username)