我可以在SQL中使用什么作为内部标识符

本文关键字:内部 标识符 什么 SQL 我可以 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:27:21

首先是一点背景:

我开发了一种方法,通过使用IEnumerableyield从SQL中的表中批量或页面检索行。当您需要只读访问时,它非常有效,但当您需要更新底层数据时,它就不那么好了。

因此,我编写了一个方法,它接受一个通用的DataTable,并构建一个更新语句,然后将其与整个DataTable一起作为表值参数传递给SQL。

方法如下:

string[] validColumns = SQL_Columns.Split(',');
    foreach(DataColumn column in p_UpdatesTable.Columns)
    {
      if(!validColumns.Contains(column.ColumnName))
      {
        throw new Exception("Column '" + column.ColumnName + "' is not valid for this table");
      }
    }
    //Establish SQL Connection
    using (SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
    {
      sqlConnection.Open();
      StringBuilder commandBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      commandBuilder.Append("UPDATE Table SET ");
      List<string> columnsToUpdate = new List<string>(p_UpdatesTable.Columns.Count);
      foreach(DataColumn column in p_UpdatesTable.Columns)
      {
        if (!column.ColumnName.Equals("UID", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
        {
          StringBuilder columnBuilder = new StringBuilder();
          columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
          columnBuilder.Append(" = U.");
          columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
          columnsToUpdate.Add(columnBuilder.ToString());
        }
      }
      commandBuilder.Append(string.Join(",", columnsToUpdate.ToArray()));
      commandBuilder.Append(" FROM @UpdateTable AS U WHERE UID = U.UID");
      using (SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(commandBuilder.ToString(), sqlConnection))
      {
        SqlParameter updateTableParameter = sqlCommand.Parameters.Add("UpdateTable", SqlDbType.Structured);
        updateTableParameter.Value = p_UpdatesTable;
        int rowsAffected = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
        if(rowsAffected != p_UpdatesTable.Rows.Count)
        {
          throw new Exception("Update command affected " + rowsAffected + " rows out of the " + p_UpdatesTable.Rows.Count + " expected.");
        }
      }
      sqlConnection.Dispose();
    }

然后我构建了这个方法来填充更新表:

private void AddUpdate(ref DataTable p_UpdateTable, string p_ColumnName, long p_uid, object p_value)
{
  if(!StronglyTypedDataset.Columns.Contains(p_ColumnName))
  {
    throw new ArgumentException("Table '" + p_ColumnName + "' does not exist in table", "p_ColumnName");
  }
  if(!p_UpdateTable.Columns.Contains(p_ColumnName))
  {
    DataColumn columnToAdd = p_UpdateTable.Columns.Add(p_ColumnName);
    columnToAdd.DataType = StronglyTypedDataset.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().Where(c => c.ColumnName.Equals(p_ColumnName)).First().DataType;
  }
  var existingRow = p_UpdateTable.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Where(r => Convert.ToInt64(r["UID"]) == p_uid).FirstOrDefault();
  if(existingRow != null)
  {
    existingRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value;
  }
  else
  {
    DataRow newRow = p_UpdateTable.NewRow();
    newRow["UID"] = p_uid;
    newRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value;
    p_UpdateTable.Rows.Add(newRow);
  }
}

有几次我需要调用它,所以这比其他任何方法都更方便。

现在的问题是:我可能会为一个UID添加一堆列和值,但对于另一个UID,我可能会添加更多列或不为现有列添加值。这样做的问题是,更新会删除数据库中已经有空值的内容,除非我明确表示"使其为空",否则我不希望这样做。

我想通过提供一个值作为默认值来解决这个问题,然后我可以在更新语句中检查该值,然后在检查该值的UPDATE语句中使用CASE,并使用原始值(所以本质上我可以忽略列名前的"U")。问题是,这个表是通用的,所以里面可能有任何东西,而在实际数据与我的默认值匹配的情况下,事情就会崩溃。

我应该注意,这个更新表将被构建成一个批和一个一次更新的批,而不是逐行更新。

有没有一个值可以保证不会被使用,也许是GUID(我知道仍然可能有冲突)或类似的东西?

示例:

假设我的桌子在一排之后看起来像这样:

      |  UID   | column 1 | column 2 |
row 1 |    1   |   x      |    y     |

在第二排,它看起来像这样:

      |  UID   | column 1 | column 2 | column 3 |
row 1 |    1   |   x      |    y     |    ?     |
row 2 |    2   |   x      |    y     |    z     |

第1行第3列的值从未被设置,因此它被默认为null。当我使用update语句时,SQL会将该值设置为null,即使表中已经有内容,但我根本不希望它更新该行的字段,因为我没有为它指定值。

我希望能够用一个值来代替?,而不是默认为null,这样我就可以将update语句更改为类似UPDATE Table SET Column1 = U.Column1, Column2 = U.Column2, Column3 = CASE WHEN U.Column3 = somevalue THEN Column3 ELSE U.Column3 END FROM @UpdateTable U的语句。

我可以在SQL中使用什么作为内部标识符

您可以让自己成为一个小Maybe<T>,它可以是T的实际值,在这种情况下,您可以进行更新,也可以是一个特殊的非值。它可能看起来像这样:

public sealed class Maybe<T> {
    private readonly T value;
    private readonly bool hasValue;
    private Maybe() {
        hasValue = false;
    }
    public readonly Maybe<T> Nothing = new Maybe();
    public Maybe(T value) {
        this.value = value;
        hasValue = true;
    }
    public T Value {
        get {
            return value;
        }
    }
    public bool HasValue {
        get {
            return value;
        }
    }
}

你可以这样使用:

private void AddUpdate<T>(DataTable p_UpdateTable, string p_ColumnName, long p_uid, Maybe<T> p_value) {
    // ...
    if(existingRow != null) {
        if(p_value.HasValue)
            existingRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value.Value;
    }
    else {
        DataRow newRow = p_UpdateTable.NewRow();
        newRow["UID"] = p_uid;
        if(p_value.HasValue)
            newRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value.Value;
        p_UpdateTable.Rows.Add(newRow);
    }
    // ...
}

顺便说一下,DataTable参数不需要ref

我最终选择了一条稍微不同的路线,不使用标识符,而是完全使用另一列。

我的AddUpdate现在是这样的:

private void AddUpdate(DataTable p_UpdateTable, string p_ColumnName, long p_uid, object p_value)
{
  if (!StronglyTypedDataSet.Columns.Contains(p_ColumnName))
  {
    throw new ArgumentException("Table '" + p_ColumnName + "' does not exist in table", "p_ColumnName");
  }
  if (!p_UpdateTable.Columns.Contains(p_ColumnName))
  {
    var matchingColumn = StronglyTypedDataSet.Columns.Cast<DataColumn>().Where(c => c.ColumnName.Equals(p_ColumnName)).First();
    DataColumn columnToAdd = p_UpdateTable.Columns.Add(p_ColumnName, matchingColumn.DataType);
    columnToAdd.MaxLength = matchingColumn.MaxLength;
    DataColumn setNullColumn = p_UpdateTable.Columns.Add(p_ColumnName + "_null", typeof(bool));
    setNullColumn.DefaultValue = false;
  }
  var existingRow = p_UpdateTable.Rows.Cast<DataRow>().Where(r => Convert.ToInt64(r["UID"]) == p_uid).FirstOrDefault();
  if (existingRow != null)
  {
    existingRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value;
    if (p_value == null || p_value == DBNull.Value)
    {
      existingRow[p_ColumnName + "_null"] = true;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    DataRow newRow = p_UpdateTable.NewRow();
    newRow["UID"] = p_uid;
    newRow[p_ColumnName] = p_value;
    if (p_value == null || p_value == DBNull.Value)
    {
      newRow[p_ColumnName + "_null"] = true;
    }
    p_UpdateTable.Rows.Add(newRow);
  }
}

这样,如果一列默认为null,因为它是在某些行添加到表中之后才添加的,那么我可以在更新语句中进行检查,不更新值。

更新声明现在看起来是这样的:

string[] validColumns = SQL_Columns.Split(',');
    var trimmed = validColumns.Select(c => c.Trim());
    foreach(DataColumn column in p_UpdatesTable.Columns)
    {
      if(!column.ColumnName.EndsWith("_null") && !trimmed.Contains(column.ColumnName))
      {
        throw new Exception("Column '" + column.ColumnName + "' is not valid for table");
      }
    }
    string tableTypeName = "dbo.UpdateSpecific" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Replace("-", "").Replace("{", "").Replace("}", "");
    StringBuilder tableTypeBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    tableTypeBuilder.Append("CREATE TYPE ");
    tableTypeBuilder.Append(tableTypeName);
    tableTypeBuilder.Append(" AS TABLE (");
    List<string> tableTypeColumns = new List<string>(p_UpdatesTable.Columns.Count);
    StringBuilder commandBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    commandBuilder.Append("UPDATE Table SET ");
    List<string> columnsToUpdate = new List<string>(p_UpdatesTable.Columns.Count);
    foreach (DataColumn column in p_UpdatesTable.Columns)
    {
      //build command to create table type
      StringBuilder columnTypeBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      columnTypeBuilder.Append("[");
      columnTypeBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
      columnTypeBuilder.Append("] ");
      if(column.DataType == typeof(int))
      {
        columnTypeBuilder.Append("INT");
      }
      else if(column.DataType == typeof(long))
      {
        columnTypeBuilder.Append("BIGINT");
      }
      else if(column.DataType == typeof(bool))
      {
        columnTypeBuilder.Append("BIT");
      }
      else if(column.DataType == typeof(string))
      {
        columnTypeBuilder.Append("VARCHAR(");
        columnTypeBuilder.Append(column.MaxLength);
        columnTypeBuilder.Append(")");
      }
      else if(column.DataType == typeof(byte[]))
      {
        columnTypeBuilder.Append("IMAGE");
      }
      tableTypeColumns.Add(columnTypeBuilder.ToString());
      //build actual update statement
      if (!column.ColumnName.Equals("UID", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) && !column.ColumnName.EndsWith("_null"))
      {
        StringBuilder columnBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append(" = (CASE WHEN U.");
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append(" IS NULL THEN (CASE WHEN ISNULL(U.");
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append("_null, 0) = 1 THEN U.");
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append(" ELSE C.");
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append(" END) ELSE U.");
        columnBuilder.Append(column.ColumnName);
        columnBuilder.Append(" END)");
        columnsToUpdate.Add(columnBuilder.ToString());
      }
    }
    tableTypeBuilder.Append(string.Join(",", tableTypeColumns.ToArray()));
    tableTypeBuilder.Append(")");
    commandBuilder.Append(string.Join(",", columnsToUpdate.ToArray()));
    commandBuilder.Append(" FROM Table AS C JOIN @UpdateTable AS U ON C.UID = U.UID");
    //Establish SQL Connection
    using (SqlConnection sqlConnection = new SqlConnection(context.strContext[(int)eCCE_Context._CONNECTION_STRING]))
    {
      sqlConnection.Open();
      try
      {
        using (SqlCommand createTableTypeCommand = new SqlCommand(tableTypeBuilder.ToString(), sqlConnection))
        {
          createTableTypeCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
        using (SqlCommand sqlCommand = new SqlCommand(commandBuilder.ToString(), sqlConnection))
        {
          SqlParameter updateTableParameter = sqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@UpdateTable", SqlDbType.Structured);
          updateTableParameter.Value = p_UpdatesTable;
          updateTableParameter.TypeName = tableTypeName;
          int rowsAffected = sqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
          if (rowsAffected != p_UpdatesTable.Rows.Count)
          {
            throw new Exception("Update command affected " + rowsAffected + " rows out of the " + p_UpdatesTable.Rows.Count + " expected.");
          }
        }
      }
      finally
      {
        string dropStatement = "IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.types st JOIN sys.schemas ss ON st.schema_id = ss.schema_id WHERE st.name = N'"+ tableTypeName.Substring(tableTypeName.IndexOf(".")+1) +"' AND ss.name = N'dbo') DROP TYPE " + tableTypeName;
        using (SqlCommand dropTableTypeCommand = new SqlCommand(dropStatement, sqlConnection))
        {
          dropTableTypeCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
        }
      }
      sqlConnection.Dispose();
    }

测试和工作:)