匹配连续数字的正则表达式

本文关键字:正则表达式 数字 连续 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:49:22

我试图从以下连续数字字符串中提取部分:

word 7, word 8, word 9, word 14

得到:

word 7, word 8, word 9
word 14

使用正则表达式。我所做的是使用(word (?<num>'d+),?'s*)+,然后检查每个捕获的数字。

是否有可能有一个正则表达式直接提取只有部分与连续的数字?

匹配连续数字的正则表达式

由于非regex解决方案是可接受的:

var data = "word 7, word 8, word 9, word 14";
// split the data into word and number
var dataCollection = data.Split(',').Select (d => new 
{ 
    word = d.Trim().Split(' ')[0], 
    number = int.Parse(d.Trim().Split(' ')[1]) 
}).ToList();
// store each set of consective results into a collection
List<string> resultsCollection = new List<string>();
var sb = new StringBuilder();
int i = 0;
while(i < dataCollection.Count ())
{
    if(i > 0)
    {
       if(dataCollection[i].number == dataCollection[i-1].number + 1)
       {
           if(sb.Length > 0) sb.Append(", ");
       }
       else
       {
          resultsCollection.Add(sb.ToString());
          sb.Clear();
       }
    }
    sb.AppendFormat("{0} {1}", dataCollection[i].word, dataCollection[i].number);
    i++;
}
resultsCollection.Add(sb.ToString());

对于您的测试数据,resultsCollection将包含两个项目:

单词7,单词8,单词9

词14

仅使用正则表达式是不可能的,因为正则表达式只能描述正则语言。

常规语言,除其他限制外,不允许定义上下文,在您的情况下,上下文将是字符串中最新的met数。

有关语言和语法理论的更多信息,请参见乔姆斯基层次结构。

或者,您可以使用:

        string words = "word 7, word 8, word 9, word 14";
        string[] splittedWords = Regex.Split(words, ", "); //Separating words.
        List<string> sortedWords = new List<string>();
        int currentWordNumber = 0, lastWordNumber = 0;
        foreach (string sptw in splittedWords)
        {
            if (sortedWords.Count == 0) //No value has been written to the list yet, so:
            {
                sortedWords.Add(sptw);
                lastWordNumber = int.Parse(sptw.Split(' ')[1]); //Storing the number of the word for checking it later.
            }
            else
            {
                currentWordNumber = int.Parse(sptw.Split(' ')[1]);
                if (currentWordNumber == lastWordNumber + 1)
                    sortedWords[sortedWords.Count - 1] += ", " + sptw;
                else
                    sortedWords.Add(sptw);
                lastWordNumber = currentWordNumber; //Storing the number of the word for checking it later.
            }
        }

最后,列表sortedWords将有:

"word 7, word 8, word 9"
"word 14"

LINQ对于所有类型的序列都非常方便。它有许多有用的操作符,但您也可以定义自己的操作符。你可以这样使用它:

   "word 10, word 11, word 7, word 8, word 9, word 14, word 2"
        .Split( new [] {", "}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
        .ToPartitionsOfConsecutiveValues(w => Int32.Parse(w.Split(' ').Last()))
        .Select(sequence => String.Join(", ", sequence))
        .ToArray()
        .Dump("Array of strings");

Dump来自LINQPad。

这是新的操作符:

public static class Partition {
    public static IEnumerable<List<T>> ToPartitionsOfConsecutiveValues<T>(
        this IEnumerable<T> source, 
        Func<T,int> valueSelector)
    {
        var lastValue = (int?)null;
        List<T> lastList = null;    
        foreach (var item in source) 
        {
            var value = valueSelector(item);
            if (!(lastValue.HasValue)) 
            {
                lastList = new List<T>();
            }
            else if (lastValue.Value != value - 1)            
            {
                yield return lastList;
                lastList = new List<T>();
            }
            lastValue = value;
            lastList.Add(item);
        }
        if (lastValue.HasValue) yield return lastList;
    }
}

根据@ l.b.的评论更新。

LINQ操作符在具有尽可能少的具体类型时最有用。提取使用项目类型(int)的谓词允许在其他情况下使用操作符。

下面是同样的例子:

Func<String,Int32> IntSuffix = w => Int32.Parse(w.Split(' ').Last());
Func<String, String, Boolean> breakPredicate 
    = (prev, next) => IntSuffix(prev) != IntSuffix(next) - 1;
s.Split( new [] {", "}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
    .ToPartitionsOfSequences(breakPredicate)
    .Select (sequence => String.Join(", ", sequence))
实现:

public static IEnumerable<List<T>> ToPartitionsOfSequences<T>(
    this IEnumerable<T> source, 
    Func<T, T, Boolean> breakPredicate)
{
    T lastItem = default(T);
    List<T> lastList = null;    
    foreach (var item in source) 
    {
        if (lastList == null) 
        {
            lastList = new List<T>();
        }
        else if (breakPredicate(lastItem, item))
        {
            yield return lastList;
            lastList = new List<T>();
        }
        lastItem = item;
        lastList.Add(item);
    }
    if (lastList != null) yield return lastList;
}