如何从 .NET 读取 PEM RSA 私钥

本文关键字:PEM RSA 私钥 读取 NET | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:47:24

我有一个PEM格式的RSA私钥,有没有一种直接的方法可以从 .NET 读取它并实例化一个RSACryptoServiceProvider来解密使用相应公钥加密的数据?

如何从 .NET 读取 PEM RSA 私钥

更新 03/03/2021

.NET 5 现在支持开箱即用。

要尝试下面的代码片段,请生成密钥对并在 http://travistidwell.com/jsencrypt/demo/处加密一些文本

var privateKey = @"-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
{ the full PEM private key } 
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----";
var rsa = RSA.Create();
rsa.ImportFromPem(privateKey.ToCharArray());
var decryptedBytes = rsa.Decrypt(
    Convert.FromBase64String("{ base64-encoded encrypted string }"), 
    RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1
);
// this will print the original unencrypted string
Console.WriteLine(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes));

原答案

我解决了,谢谢。如果有人感兴趣,Bouncycastle 做到了,由于缺乏我这边的知识和文档,我花了一些时间。这是代码:

var bytesToDecrypt = Convert.FromBase64String("la0Cz.....D43g=="); // string to decrypt, base64 encoded
 
AsymmetricCipherKeyPair keyPair; 
 
using (var reader = File.OpenText(@"c:'myprivatekey.pem")) // file containing RSA PKCS1 private key
    keyPair = (AsymmetricCipherKeyPair) new PemReader(reader).ReadObject(); 
 
var decryptEngine = new Pkcs1Encoding(new RsaEngine());
decryptEngine.Init(false, keyPair.Private); 
 
var decrypted = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptEngine.ProcessBlock(bytesToDecrypt, 0, bytesToDecrypt.Length)); 

关于轻松导入RSA私钥,而不使用诸如BouncyCastle之类的第三方代码,我认为答案是"不,不是仅使用私钥的PEM。

但是,正如Simone上面提到的,您可以简单地将私钥(*.key(的PEM和使用该密钥(*.crt(的证书文件组合成一个*.pfx文件,然后可以轻松导入该文件。

从命令行生成 PFX 文件:

openssl pkcs12 -in a.crt -inkey a.key -export -out a.pfx

然后与 .NET 证书类一起使用,例如:

using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
X509Certificate2 combinedCertificate = new X509Certificate2(@"C:'path'to'file.pfx");

现在,您可以按照 MSDN 中的示例通过 RSACryptoServiceProvider 进行加密和解密:

我省略了解密,您需要使用 PFX 密码和可导出标志进行导入。 (请参阅: BouncyCastle RSAPrivateKey to .NET RSAPrivateKey(

X509KeyStorageFlags flags = X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable;
X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2("my.pfx", "somepass", flags);
RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)cert.PrivateKey;
RSAParameters rsaParam = rsa.ExportParameters(true); 

你可以看看JavaScience的OpenSSLKey源代码

里面有代码可以完全按照你想要做的事情。

事实上,他们在这里有很多可用的加密源代码。


源代码片段:

//------- Parses binary ans.1 RSA private key; returns RSACryptoServiceProvider  ---
public static RSACryptoServiceProvider DecodeRSAPrivateKey(byte[] privkey)
{
        byte[] MODULUS, E, D, P, Q, DP, DQ, IQ ;
        // ---------  Set up stream to decode the asn.1 encoded RSA private key  ------
        MemoryStream  mem = new MemoryStream(privkey) ;
        BinaryReader binr = new BinaryReader(mem) ;    //wrap Memory Stream with BinaryReader for easy reading
        byte bt = 0;
        ushort twobytes = 0;
        int elems = 0;
        try {
                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes == 0x8130) //data read as little endian order (actual data order for Sequence is 30 81)
                        binr.ReadByte();        //advance 1 byte
                else if (twobytes == 0x8230)
                        binr.ReadInt16();       //advance 2 bytes
                else
                        return null;
                twobytes = binr.ReadUInt16();
                if (twobytes != 0x0102) //version number
                        return null;
                bt = binr.ReadByte();
                if (bt !=0x00)
                        return null;

                //------  all private key components are Integer sequences ----
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                MODULUS = binr.ReadBytes(elems);
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                E = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                D = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                P = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                Q = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DP = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                DQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                elems = GetIntegerSize(binr);
                IQ = binr.ReadBytes(elems) ;
                Console.WriteLine("showing components ..");
                if (verbose) {
                        showBytes("'nModulus", MODULUS) ;
                        showBytes("'nExponent", E);
                        showBytes("'nD", D);
                        showBytes("'nP", P);
                        showBytes("'nQ", Q);
                        showBytes("'nDP", DP);
                        showBytes("'nDQ", DQ);
                        showBytes("'nIQ", IQ);
                }
                // ------- create RSACryptoServiceProvider instance and initialize with public key -----
                RSACryptoServiceProvider RSA = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
                RSAParameters RSAparams = new RSAParameters();
                RSAparams.Modulus =MODULUS;
                RSAparams.Exponent = E;
                RSAparams.D = D;
                RSAparams.P = P;
                RSAparams.Q = Q;
                RSAparams.DP = DP;
                RSAparams.DQ = DQ;
                RSAparams.InverseQ = IQ;
                RSA.ImportParameters(RSAparams);
                return RSA;
        }
        catch (Exception) {
                return null;
        }
        finally {
                binr.Close();
        }
}

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY---- 

-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 

是 PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo 的 base64 编码(除非它说 RSA ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY,在这种情况下它是 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo(。

手动解码并不难,但除此之外,最好的选择是P/Invoke到CryptImportPKCS8。


更新:CryptImportPKCS8 功能不再可用于 Windows Server 2008 和 Windows Vista。请改用 PFXImportCertStore 函数。

好的,我使用 mac 生成我的自签名密钥。这是我使用的工作方法。

我创建了一个 shell 脚本来加快密钥生成速度。

genkey.sh

#/bin/sh
ssh-keygen -f host.key
openssl req -new -key host.key -out request.csr
openssl x509 -req -days 99999 -in request.csr -signkey host.key -out server.crt
openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey host.key -in server.crt -out private_public.p12 -name "SslCert"
openssl base64 -in private_public.p12 -out Base64.key

将 +x 执行标志添加到脚本

chmod +x genkey.sh

然后打电话给 genkey.sh

./genkey.sh

我输入了一个密码(至少在最后的导出中包含密码很重要(

Enter pass phrase for host.key:
Enter Export Password:   {Important to enter a password here}
Verifying - Enter Export Password: { Same password here }

然后,我将 Base64.Key 中的所有内容放入名为 sslKey 的字符串中。

private string sslKey = "MIIJiAIBA...................................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        "......................ETC...................." +
                        ".............ugICCAA=";

然后,我使用延迟加载属性获取器来获取带有私钥的 X509 证书。

X509Certificate2 _serverCertificate = null;
X509Certificate2 serverCertificate{
    get
    {
        if (_serverCertificate == null){
            string pass = "Your Export Password Here";
            _serverCertificate = new X509Certificate(Convert.FromBase64String(sslKey), pass, X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable);
        }
        return _serverCertificate;
    }
}

我想走这条路,因为我在 mac 上使用 .net 2.0 和 Mono,我想使用没有编译库或依赖项的香草框架代码。

我的最终用途是 SslStream 来保护与我的应用程序的 TCP 通信

SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);

我希望这对其他人有所帮助。

注意

没有密码,我无法正确解锁私钥以进行导出。

我已经尝试了PEM编码的PKCS#8 RSA私钥的接受答案,结果PemException malformed sequence in RSA private key消息。原因是Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl.PemReader似乎只支持 PKCS#1 私钥。

我能够通过切换到Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader来获取私钥(请注意,类型名称匹配!

private static RSAParameters GetRsaParameters(string rsaPrivateKey)
{
    var byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(rsaPrivateKey);
    using (var ms = new MemoryStream(byteArray))
    {
        using (var sr = new StreamReader(ms))
        {
            var pemReader = new Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader(sr);
            var pem = pemReader.ReadPemObject();
            var privateKey = PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(pem.Content);
            return DotNetUtilities.ToRSAParameters(privateKey as RsaPrivateCrtKeyParameters);
        }
    }
}

我创建了PemUtils库来做到这一点。该代码在 GitHub 上可用,可以从 NuGet 安装:

PM> Install-Package PemUtils

或者如果您只需要一个 DER 转换器:

PM> Install-Package DerConverter

从 PEM 数据读取 RSA 密钥的用法:

using (var stream = File.OpenRead(path))
using (var reader = new PemReader(stream))
{
    var rsaParameters = reader.ReadRsaKey();
    // ...
}

对于那些不想使用 Bouncy,并且正在尝试其他答案中包含的一些代码的人,我发现这些代码大部分时间都有效,但在某些 RSA 私有字符串上绊倒了,例如我在下面包含的字符串。通过查看弹性代码,我将 wprl 提供的代码调整为

    RSAparams.D = ConvertRSAParametersField(D, MODULUS.Length);
    RSAparams.DP = ConvertRSAParametersField(DP, P.Length);
    RSAparams.DQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(DQ, Q.Length);
    RSAparams.InverseQ = ConvertRSAParametersField(IQ, Q.Length);
    private static byte[] ConvertRSAParametersField(byte[] bs, int size)
    {
        if (bs.Length == size)
            return bs;
        if (bs.Length > size)
            throw new ArgumentException("Specified size too small", "size");
        byte[] padded = new byte[size];
        Array.Copy(bs, 0, padded, size - bs.Length, bs.Length);
        return padded;
    }
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

检查 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd203099.aspx

在"加密应用程序块"下。

不知道你是否会得到答案,但值得一试。

评论后编辑

好的,然后检查此代码。

using System.Security.Cryptography;

public static string DecryptEncryptedData(stringBase64EncryptedData, stringPathToPrivateKeyFile) { 
    X509Certificate2 myCertificate; 
    try{ 
        myCertificate = new X509Certificate2(PathToPrivateKeyFile); 
    } catch{ 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to open key file."); 
    } 
    RSACryptoServiceProvider rsaObj; 
    if(myCertificate.HasPrivateKey) { 
         rsaObj = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)myCertificate.PrivateKey; 
    } else 
        throw new CryptographicException("Private key not contained within certificate."); 
    if(rsaObj == null) 
        return String.Empty; 
    byte[] decryptedBytes; 
    try{ 
        decryptedBytes = rsaObj.Decrypt(Convert.FromBase64String(Base64EncryptedData), false); 
    } catch { 
        throw new CryptographicException("Unable to decrypt data."); 
    } 
    //    Check to make sure we decrpyted the string 
   if(decryptedBytes.Length == 0) 
        return String.Empty; 
    else 
        return System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes); 
}