在C#中实现蒙特卡罗模拟时的奇怪行为

本文关键字:模拟 实现 蒙特卡罗 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:59:06

我正在尝试使用带路径压缩的加权快速并集方法在C#窗体应用程序中实现蒙特卡罗模拟。首先,我取gridSize,然后生成一个等于gridSize * gridSize的网格,该网格由代表站点的黑色背景标签组成,然后我随机联合一些站点,并将其背景设为白色。问题是,每当我运行项目时,无论我尝试了多少次,我都会得到黑色的整个网站,但如果我添加断点并一步一步地进行,我会得到一些白色网站!!!

这是代码:

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    int gridSize = 0;
    byte siteSize = 50;
    FlowLayoutPanel flowLayoutPanel;
    UnionFind uf;
    int randomFirstNumber;
    int randomSecondNumber;
    string labelName = string.Empty;
    Random rnd = new Random();
    int numberOfAttempts;
    Label label;
    HashSet<int> excludeHashSet = new HashSet<int>();
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
    private void setGridSizeButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(gridSizeTextbox.Text) && int.TryParse(gridSizeTextbox.Text, out gridSize))
        {
            if (gridSize > 0)
            {
                var flowLayoutPanel = createFlowLayoutPanelAndLabels();
                setGridSizeButton.Enabled = false;
                gridSizeTextbox.Enabled = false;
                randomlyUnionSitesAndWhiteThem();
            }
        }
    }
    private void reset_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        setGridSizeButton.Enabled = true;
        gridSizeTextbox.Enabled = true;
        gridSizeTextbox.Text = string.Empty;
        flowLayoutPanel.Dispose();
        excludeHashSet = new HashSet<int>();
        gridSizeTextbox.Focus();
    }
    private FlowLayoutPanel createFlowLayoutPanelAndLabels()
    {
        flowLayoutPanel = new FlowLayoutPanel();
        flowLayoutPanel.Name = "flowLayoutPanel";
        flowLayoutPanel.Location = new Point(30, 60);
        flowLayoutPanel.Size = new Size(gridSize, gridSize);
        flowLayoutPanel.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
        flowLayoutPanel.Width = siteSize * gridSize + 10 * gridSize;
        flowLayoutPanel.Height = siteSize * gridSize + 10 * gridSize;
        for (int i = 0; i < gridSize * gridSize; i++)
        {
            var label = new Label();
            label.Text = "";
            label.Name = i.ToString();
            label.Width = siteSize;
            label.Height = siteSize;
            label.BackColor = Color.Black;
            label.Margin = new Padding(3);
            label.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.FixedSingle;
            flowLayoutPanel.Controls.Add(label);
        }
        this.Controls.Add(flowLayoutPanel);
        return flowLayoutPanel;
    }
    private void randomlyUnionSitesAndWhiteThem()
    {
        uf = new UnionFind(gridSize * gridSize);
        numberOfAttempts = rnd.Next(0, gridSize * gridSize);
        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfAttempts; i++)
        {
            randomFirstNumber = getRandomNumber(0, gridSize * gridSize, excludeHashSet);
            randomSecondNumber = getRandomNumber(0, gridSize * gridSize, excludeHashSet);
            labelName = uf.union(randomFirstNumber, randomSecondNumber).ToString();
            if (Convert.ToInt16(labelName) > -1)
            {
                label = (Label)flowLayoutPanel.Controls.Find(labelName, false).First();
                label.BackColor = Color.White;
                excludeHashSet.Add(Convert.ToInt16(labelName));
            }
        }
    }
    private int getRandomNumber(int min, int max, HashSet<int> excludes)
    {
        int randomNumber;
        do
        {
            var range = Enumerable.Range(min, max).Where(i =>  !excludes.Contains(i));
            var rand = new Random();
            int index = rand.Next(0, max - excludes.Count);
            randomNumber = range.ElementAt(index);
        }
        while (excludes.Any(x => x == randomNumber));
        return randomNumber;
    }
}

这是我的Union方法:

class UnionFind
{
    .....
    public int union(int firstNumber, int secondNumber)
    {
        firstNumber = getRoot(firstNumber);
        secondNumber = getRoot(secondNumber);
        if (firstNumber == secondNumber)
        {
            return -1;
        }
        if (sizes[firstNumber] < sizes[secondNumber])
        {
            array[firstNumber] = secondNumber;
            sizes[secondNumber] += sizes[firstNumber];
            return array[firstNumber];
        }
        else
        {
            array[secondNumber] = firstNumber;
            sizes[firstNumber] += sizes[secondNumber];
            return array[secondNumber];
        }
    }
    .....
}

在C#中实现蒙特卡罗模拟时的奇怪行为

您在getRandomNumber方法中声明了一个新的Random对象,该对象总是给您相同的值;如果你使用你的atribute rnd,它是有效的。

以下是

的解释

您只需要调用即可。在randomlyUnionSitesAndWhiteThem()方法末尾的Refresh()方法;)

我找到了奇怪行为的原因。当在循环中多次使用Random类时,就会发生这种情况。这可以通过多种方法来解决。

例如CCD_ 5。在这里,您正在使睡眠循环n毫秒。

private int getRandomNumber(int min, int max, HashSet<int> excludes)
{
    int randomNumber;
    do
    {
        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(10);
        ...

这也可以使用System.Timers.Timer来实现,其将产生相同的结果。这种方法也更适合于这样的问题。

System.Timers.Timer myTimer = new System.Timers.Timer();
private void percolateEverySecond()
{
    myTimer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(percolateForTimer);   //this is the function that will be executed every myTimer.Interval
    myTimer.Interval = 1000;
    myTimer.Enabled = true;
}
private void percolateForTimer(object source, ElapsedEventArgs e)
{
    //randomly white site, then union it with surrounding sites
    ...
}
private void Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    ...
    percolateEverySecond();
}

有关System.Threading.Thread.Sleep()System.Timers.Timer的更多信息,请参见此。

此外,请注意,问题中的上述代码有很大的改进空间,但作为一般规则,您应该使每个功能只负责一项特定任务"单一责任原则"。