While循环字母表
本文关键字:字母表 循环 While | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:50:18
我正在尝试对以下示例进行编码。
Input ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Output ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
如果用户键入A
,它将输出Z
。它必须超过25个字符才能到达Z
。所以我猜需要一个while循环,如果B
,它必须经过23次,所以-2,以此类推,直到它到达M
,因为它将跳过1到达N
,然后在25再次开始。
关于如何处理这个问题,有什么建议吗?
根据ASCII表,大写ASCII
字符的范围从65(0x41
,'A
'(到90(0x5A
,'Z
'(。
这就是算法:
// inputChar is a char holding your character
char inputChar = getCharFromUser();
int inputVal = inputChar - 65; // e.g. 0 for 'A', 1 for 'B'
char outputChar = 90 - inputVal; // e.g. 90 - 1 = 89 = 'Y'
outputCharToUser(outputChar);
这就是你在C#中实现它的方法:
while (true)
{
var key = Console.ReadKey(intercept: true);
var inputChar = char.ToUpper(key.KeyChar);
var outputChar = (char)('Z' - inputChar + 'A');
Console.Write("{0}={1} ", inputChar, outputChar);
}
您可以使用两个字典来从索引中查找字符,反之亦然:
var indexLookup = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
.Select((chr, index) => new { chr, index })
.ToDictionary(x => x.chr, x => x.index);
var charLookup = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
.Select((chr, index) => new { chr, index })
.ToDictionary(x => x.index, x => x.chr);
现在很简单,关键部分是charLookup[25 - indexOfChar]
:
string userInput = "B";
bool isUpper = char.IsUpper(userInput[0]);
char inputChar = Char.ToLowerInvariant(userInput[0]);
if(indexLookup.ContainsKey(inputChar))
{
int indexOfChar = indexLookup[inputChar];
char oppositeChar = charLookup[25 - indexOfChar];
string result = isUpper ? Char.ToUpperInvariant(oppositeChar).ToString() : oppositeChar.ToString();
Console.Write(result); // Y
}
实际上,您不需要两个字典,而只需要一个,因为string
已经可以用于按索引查找字符。这是一个提供逻辑的类:
public class CharSwap
{
private string alphabet;
private Dictionary<char, int> indexLookup;
public CharSwap() : this("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") { }
public CharSwap(string alphabet)
{
if(alphabet == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("alphabet");
this.alphabet = alphabet;
indexLookup = alphabet.Select((chr, index) => new { chr, index }).ToDictionary(x => x.chr, x => x.index);
}
public char? OppositeChar(char input)
{
char lowerChar = Char.ToLowerInvariant(input);
if (!indexLookup.ContainsKey(lowerChar))
return null;
int indexOfChar = indexLookup[lowerChar];
int indexOpposite = alphabet.Length - 1 - indexOfChar;
return Char.IsUpper(input)
? Char.ToUpperInvariant(alphabet[indexOpposite])
: alphabet[indexOpposite];
}
}
测试:
CharSwap cw = new CharSwap();
char? oppositeChar = cw.OppositeChar('B');
Console.Write(oppositeChar);
char input = 'B';
string Range = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
char result = Range[Range.Length - 1 - Range.IndexOf(input)]; //Y
或者另一种方法
char input = 'B';
string Range = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
char result = Range.Reverse().ElementAt(Range.IndexOf(input)); //Y
这样的东西怎么样?
char[] alphabet = {'A','B', 'C'} // and so on
char[] mapsTo = {'Z', 'Y', 'X'} // and so on, excluded for brevity
public function string changeLetter(char input)
{
int i = 0;
foreach (char c in alphabet) {
if (c == input) {
return mapsTo[i];
}
i++;
}
return '';
}
转换为c#:
char[] alphabet = {'A','B', 'C'}; // and so on
char[] mapsTo = {'Z', 'Y', 'X'}; // and so on, excluded for brevity
public string changeLetter(char input)
{
int i = 0;
foreach (char c in alphabet) {
if (c == input) {
return mapsTo[i].ToString();
}
i++;
}
return default(char).ToString();
}
你可以这样调用这个函数(例如(:
public static void RunProgram()
{
Console.WriteLine("Please type in character");
input = Console.ReadKey().KeyChar;
Console.WriteLine("You typed in " + input + ". This results in: " + ChangeInput(input));
}
其中"ChangeInput"是前面定义的函数。
解决此问题的简单方法是使用Dictionary<char, char>
:
public class Atbash {
static string source = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
static List<char> keys = source.ToList();
static List<char> values = source.Reverse().ToList();
static Dictionary<char, char> Converter = keys.ToDictionary(x => x, x => values[keys.IndexOf(x)]);
public static char Convert(char input)
{
char output;
bool isUpper = char.IsUpper(input);
input = char.ToLowerInvariant(input);
if(Converter.ContainsKey(input)) {
output = Converter[input];
return (isUpper) ? char.ToUpperInvariant(output) : output;
}
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("Input char is unknown");
// of course, it can return default(char) instead of throwing an exception.
}
}
为什么选择Atbash?请在这里阅读。