C# 不带泛型参数的泛型工厂返回

本文关键字：泛型 工厂 返回 参数 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:36:33

我有以下类和一个工厂（省略了不必要的代码）。我有 3 个单独的 IManageableEntryDao 实现，以及一个在 createDao 方法中访问的字符串/类型映射。

我收到以下编译错误："ManageableEntry.IManageableEntryDao"需要'1'类型参数"。 解决此问题的最佳实践是什么？我想以某种方式确定是什么吗？还是有替代解决方案？

public interface IManageableEntryDao<T> where T : IManageableEntry {
    T findById(long id);
    T findByName(string name);
    int findUnapprovedCount();
    List<T> findUnapproved(ManageableEntryCriteria criteria);
    long insert(T manageableEntry);
    bool update(T manageableEntry);
    bool delete(T manageableEntry);
}
public class ManageableEntryDaoFactory {
    public IManageableEntryDao createDao(string manageableEntryType) {
            manageableEntryType = manageableEntryType.ToLower();
            Type type = daoTypes[manageableEntryType];
            if (type != null) {
                object dao = Activator.CreateInstance(type);                    
                return dao as IManageableEntryDao;
            }
            throw new NotImplementedException("Failed to find DAO for type: " + manageableEntryType);
        }
}

C# 不带泛型参数的泛型工厂返回

您需要在方法调用中指定类型。 这确实意味着您可能可以避免对字符串的需求：

public IManageableEntryDao<T> CreateDao<T>() where T : IManageableEntry
{
        Type manageableEntryType = typeof(T);
        // You'll need to modify daoTypes to be a HashSet<Type> (or List<Type>) of allowable types, or something similar, instead of using a dictionary lookup
        if (daoTypes.Contains(manageableEntryType) {
            object dao = Activator.CreateInstance(type);                    
            return dao as IManageableEntryDao<T>;
        }
        throw new NotImplementedException("Failed to find DAO for type: " + manageableEntryType);
    }

你可以：

  • 通过使 CreateDao 方法（或ManagableEntryDaoFactory本身）泛型，向IManageableEntryDao<T>提供类型参数。或
  • 从 CreateDao 方法返回IManagableEntry接口，而不是返回泛型IManagableEntryDao<T>。

编辑：基于评论

遗憾的是，不能基于输入字符串从 CreateDao 方法返回特定类型。您能做的最好的事情是返回 daoTypes 列表中所有类型通用的基类型或接口。

另一个想法是返回一个非泛型接口，并在实现的方法中将接口强制转换为特定类型。 这里有一个小程序来说明这一点：

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var customerEntry = ManageableEntryDaoFactory.CreateDao("customer");
        var orderEntry = ManageableEntryDaoFactory.CreateDao("order");
        customerEntry.Update(new Customer() { Name = "John Doe" });
        orderEntry.Update(new Order() { OrderId = 123 });
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
public class Customer
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
}
public class Order
{
    public int OrderId { get; set; }
}
public class CustomerEntry : IManageableEntryDao
{
    public void Update(object objCustomer)
    {
        var customer = objCustomer as Customer;  // now you have a Customer type...
        Console.WriteLine("Updated customer: " + customer.Name);
    }
}
public class OrderEntry : IManageableEntryDao
{
    public void Update(object objOrder)
    {
        var order = objOrder as Order; // now you have an Order type... 
        Console.WriteLine("Updated order: " + order.OrderId);
    }
}
public interface IManageableEntryDao
{
    void Update(object entry);
    // ...other methods, properties, events...
}
public static class ManageableEntryDaoFactory
{
    private static readonly Dictionary<string, Type> daoTypes = new Dictionary<string, Type>() 
    {
        {"customer", typeof(CustomerEntry) }, 
        {"order", typeof(OrderEntry) }
    };
    public static IManageableEntryDao CreateDao(string manageableEntryType)
    {
        manageableEntryType = manageableEntryType.ToLower();
        Type type = daoTypes[manageableEntryType];
        if (type == null)
            throw new NotImplementedException("Failed to find DAO for type: " + manageableEntryType);
        return Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IManageableEntryDao;
    }
}
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