终止进程和任何超时的子进程
本文关键字:子进程 超时 任何 进程 终止 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:36:56
我正在尝试制作一个小程序,该程序将在后台线程上运行bat命令 - 这是有效的,但我正在尝试实现超时"安全"。即,如果后台命令挂起,它将在一定时间后终止。运行代码没有问题...一旦开始,我就无法终止该过程。我最终将我的代码屠宰到这个测试程序中:
public void ExecutePostProcess(string cmd)
{
//...
WriteToDebugTextBox("Executing Threaded Post Process '" + cmd + "'");
//WriteToDebugTextBox() simply writes to a TextBox across threads with a timestamp
var t = new Thread(delegate()
{
var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/c " + cmd);
processInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
processInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
processInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
processInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
var process = Process.Start(processInfo);
process.OutputDataReceived += (object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e) => WriteToDebugTextBox(e.Data);
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.WaitForExit(3000);
process.Close();
//process.Kill();
//process.CloseMainWindow();
WriteToDebugTextBox("Finished Post Process");
});
t.Start();
//...
}
目前,我让它运行此控制台" TestApp",如下所示:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int hangTime = int.Parse(args[0]);
Console.WriteLine("This is the TestApp");
Console.WriteLine("TestApp is going to have a little 'sleep' for {0} seconds", hangTime);
Thread.Sleep(hangTime * 1000);
Console.WriteLine("Test App has woken up!");
}
}
我给 10 秒的挂起时间。进程被赋予超时; process.WaitForExit(3000);
,所以应该放弃并在 3 秒后终止。但是,我的文本框的输出始终是这样的:
16:09:22.175 执行线程后处理"测试.bat"
16:09:22.257 这是测试应用
16:09:22.261 TestApp 将有 10 秒的"睡眠"时间
16:09:25.191 完成后处理
16:09:32.257 测试应用已唤醒!
我已经尝试了来自各地的无数答案,但无济于事。如何正确终止进程?
在 NT 作业对象中启动进程。为此作业设置JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE
作业限制。启动流程并将其分配给此作业(通常创建挂起的进程,将其分配给作业,然后恢复流程,以防止它在添加之前转义作业上下文)。时间到了,就干掉作业。这样,您不仅可以杀死进程,还可以杀死进程生成的任何子进程,这是当前尝试中缺少的最大部分。由于没有托管的NT Jobs API,请查看.net中CreateJobObject/SetInformationJobObject pinvoke的工作示例?
您甚至可以尝试设置JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_JOB_TIME
,以确保进程在杀死它之前不会耗尽 CPU/资源。
编辑:虽然这个答案确实解决了问题,但这不是理想的解决方案
好的,讨厌回答我自己的问题,但是当找到解决方案时,我发现没有答案更糟,所以这里是:
Serge 是对的,cmd 进程是被监视/杀死的进程,而不是子进程。出于某种奇怪的原因,我脑海中浮现出终止父级将随后终止任何子进程。
所以,我找到了关于如何获取子进程并构建扩展类的答案:
//requires you add a reference to System.Management + using System.Diagnostics and System.Management
public static class ProcessExtensions
{
public static IEnumerable<Process> GetChildProcesses(this Process process)
{
List<Process> children = new List<Process>();
ManagementObjectSearcher mos = new ManagementObjectSearcher(String.Format("Select * From Win32_Process Where ParentProcessID={0}", process.Id));
foreach (ManagementObject mo in mos.Get())
{
children.Add(Process.GetProcessById(Convert.ToInt32(mo["ProcessID"])));
}
return children;
}
}
我构建了这个递归方法:
private void KillChildProcesses(Process process)
{
foreach(Process childProcess in process.GetChildProcesses())
{
KillChildProcesses(childProcess);
WriteToDebugTextBox("killed process: " + childProcess.ProcessName);
childProcess.Kill();
}
}
并弄乱了我的主要功能
var t = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/c " + cmd);
processInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
processInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
processInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
processInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(processInfo))
{
process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += (object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e) => WriteToDebugTextBox(e.Data);
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.WaitForExit(3000);
KillChildProcesses(process);
}
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
WriteToDebugTextBox(ex.Message);
}
WriteToDebugTextBox("Finished Post Process");
});
t.Start();
现在,一旦达到WaitForExit
超时,在cmd下创建的任何子进程都将被杀死 - 希望不会发生这种情况。
12:17:43.005 执行线程后处理"测试.bat"
12:17:43.088 这是测试应用程序
12:17:43.093 TestApp 将有一点"睡眠"10 秒
12:17:46.127 已终止进程:TestApp
12:17:46.133 完成后期处理
概念经过验证,我现在可以将其变成一个适当的应用程序。
好的,所以我相信我已经找到了理想的解决方案,非常感谢 Remus 和 Usr。我将保留以前的解决方案,因为它对于小型操作相当可行。
最大的问题是,当世系链被破坏时,终止所有子进程变得非常困难。即 A 创建 B,B 创建 C,但随后 B 结束 - A 在 C 上失去任何作用域。
在我的测试中,我将我的测试应用程序修改为相当可怕的东西,一个自我生成的噩梦,带有一个自我终止的人字拖。它令人讨厌的代码位于此答案的底部,我建议任何人仅查看以供参考。
它似乎控制这场噩梦的唯一答案是通过作业对象。我使用了这个答案中的类(归功于亚历山大·叶祖托夫 -> 马特·豪威尔斯 ->"乔希"),但不得不稍微修改它才能工作(因此我发布了它的代码)。 我将此类添加到我的项目中:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace JobManagement
{
public class Job : IDisposable
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
static extern IntPtr CreateJobObject(IntPtr a, string lpName);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
static extern bool SetInformationJobObject(IntPtr hJob, JobObjectInfoType infoType, IntPtr lpJobObjectInfo, UInt32 cbJobObjectInfoLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool AssignProcessToJobObject(IntPtr job, IntPtr process);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
private IntPtr _handle;
private bool _disposed;
public Job()
{
_handle = CreateJobObject(IntPtr.Zero, null);
var info = new JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
LimitFlags = 0x2000
};
var extendedInfo = new JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
BasicLimitInformation = info
};
int length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION));
IntPtr extendedInfoPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(length);
Marshal.StructureToPtr(extendedInfo, extendedInfoPtr, false);
if (!SetInformationJobObject(_handle, JobObjectInfoType.ExtendedLimitInformation, extendedInfoPtr, (uint)length))
{
throw new Exception(string.Format("Unable to set information. Error: {0}", Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()));
}
}
public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
private void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (_disposed)
{
return;
}
if (disposing) { }
Close();
_disposed = true;
}
public void Close()
{
CloseHandle(_handle);
_handle = IntPtr.Zero;
}
public bool AddProcess(IntPtr processHandle)
{
return AssignProcessToJobObject(_handle, processHandle);
}
public bool AddProcess(int processId)
{
return AddProcess(Process.GetProcessById(processId).Handle);
}
}
#region Helper classes
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct IO_COUNTERS
{
public UInt64 ReadOperationCount;
public UInt64 WriteOperationCount;
public UInt64 OtherOperationCount;
public UInt64 ReadTransferCount;
public UInt64 WriteTransferCount;
public UInt64 OtherTransferCount;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
public Int64 PerProcessUserTimeLimit;
public Int64 PerJobUserTimeLimit;
public UInt32 LimitFlags;
public UIntPtr MinimumWorkingSetSize;
public UIntPtr MaximumWorkingSetSize;
public UInt32 ActiveProcessLimit;
public UIntPtr Affinity;
public UInt32 PriorityClass;
public UInt32 SchedulingClass;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES
{
public UInt32 nLength;
public IntPtr lpSecurityDescriptor;
public Int32 bInheritHandle;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION
{
public JOBOBJECT_BASIC_LIMIT_INFORMATION BasicLimitInformation;
public IO_COUNTERS IoInfo;
public UIntPtr ProcessMemoryLimit;
public UIntPtr JobMemoryLimit;
public UIntPtr PeakProcessMemoryUsed;
public UIntPtr PeakJobMemoryUsed;
}
public enum JobObjectInfoType
{
AssociateCompletionPortInformation = 7,
BasicLimitInformation = 2,
BasicUIRestrictions = 4,
EndOfJobTimeInformation = 6,
ExtendedLimitInformation = 9,
SecurityLimitInformation = 5,
GroupInformation = 11
}
#endregion
}
将我的主要方法的内容更改为如下所示:
var t = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
using (var jobHandler = new Job())
{
var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/c " + cmd);
processInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
processInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
processInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
processInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(processInfo))
{
DateTime started = process.StartTime;
jobHandler.AddProcess(process.Id); //add the PID to the Job object
process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += (object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e) => WriteToDebugTextBox(e.Data);
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
process.WaitForExit(_postProcessesTimeOut * 1000);
TimeSpan tpt = (DateTime.Now - started);
if (Math.Abs(tpt.TotalMilliseconds) > (_postProcessesTimeOut * 1000))
{
WriteToDebugTextBox("Timeout reached, terminating all child processes"); //jobHandler.Close() will do this, just log that the timeout was reached
}
}
jobHandler.Close(); //this will terminate all spawned processes
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
WriteToDebugTextBox("ERROR:" + ex.Message);
}
WriteToDebugTextBox("Finished Post Process");
});
t.Start();
通过该方法的反馈如下所示(注意:它中途丢失了范围,但 TestApp 继续运行和传播):
13:06:31.055 执行线程后处理"测试.bat"
13:06:31.214 24976 测试应用已启动
13:06:31.226 24976 现在在 1 秒内打电话给自己会把事情搞得一团糟......
13:06:32.213 24976 创建子进程 cmd 'TestApp.exe'
13:06:32.229 24976 已完成的子线程进程
13:06:32.285 24976 TestApp 将有一点"睡眠"10 秒
13:06:32.336 24976 创建新进程 26936
13:06:32.454 20344 测试应用已启动
13:06:32.500 20344 现在,在 1 秒内打电话给自己,会把事情搞得一团糟......
13:06:32.512 20344 !!我将在创建子进程以打破世系链后自行终止
13:06:33.521 20344 创建子进程 cmd 'TestApp.exe'
13:06:33.540 20344 已完成子线程进程
13:06:33.599 20344 创建新进程 24124
13:06:33.707 19848 测试应用启动
13:06:33.759 19848 现在在 1 秒内打电话给自己会把事情搞得一团糟......
13:06:34.540 20344 !!顶我自己!PID 20344
13:Scope lost after here
06:41.139 达到超时,终止所有子进程
请注意,PID 各不相同,因为 TestApp 不是直接调用的,而是通过 CMD 传递的 - 我在这里走极端;)
这是 TestApp,我强烈建议它仅供参考,因为它将肆无忌惮地创建自身的新实例(如果有人运行它,它确实有一个"杀死"参数来清理!
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace TestApp
{
class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// TestApp.exe [hangtime(int)] [self-terminate(bool)]
/// TestApp.exe kill --terminate all processes called TestApp
/// </summary>
/// <param name="args"></param>
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int hangTime = 5; //5 second default
bool selfTerminate = true;
Process thisProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
if (args.Length > 0)
{
if (args[0] == "kill")
{
KillAllTestApps(thisProcess);
return;
}
hangTime = int.Parse(args[0]);
if (args.Length > 1)
{
selfTerminate = bool.Parse(args[1]);
}
}
Console.WriteLine("{0} TestApp started", thisProcess.Id);
Console.WriteLine("{0} Now going to make a horrible mess by calling myself in 1 second...", thisProcess.Id);
if (selfTerminate)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} !! I will self terminate after creating a child process to break the lineage chain", thisProcess.Id);
}
Thread.Sleep(1000);
ExecutePostProcess("TestApp.exe", thisProcess, selfTerminate);
if (selfTerminate)
{
Thread.Sleep(1000);
Console.WriteLine("{0} !! Topping myself! PID {0}", thisProcess.Id);
thisProcess.Kill();
}
Console.WriteLine("{0} TestApp is going to have a little 'sleep' for {1} seconds", thisProcess.Id, hangTime);
Thread.Sleep(hangTime * 1000);
Console.WriteLine("{0} Test App has woken up!", thisProcess.Id);
}
public static void ExecutePostProcess(string cmd, Process thisProcess, bool selfTerminate)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} Creating Child Process cmd '{1}'", thisProcess.Id, cmd);
var t = new Thread(delegate()
{
try
{
var processInfo = new ProcessStartInfo("cmd.exe", "/c " + cmd + " 10 " + (selfTerminate ? "false" : "true" ));
processInfo.CreateNoWindow = true;
processInfo.UseShellExecute = false;
processInfo.RedirectStandardError = true;
processInfo.RedirectStandardOutput = true;
using (Process process = Process.Start(processInfo))
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} Created New Process {1}", thisProcess.Id, process.Id);
process.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
process.OutputDataReceived += (object sender, DataReceivedEventArgs e) => Console.WriteLine(e.Data);
process.BeginOutputReadLine();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
}
});
t.Start();
Console.WriteLine("{0} Finished Child-Threaded Process", thisProcess.Id);
}
/// <summary>
/// kill all TestApp processes regardless of parent
/// </summary>
private static void KillAllTestApps(Process thisProcess)
{
Process[] processes = Process.GetProcessesByName("TestApp");
foreach(Process p in processes)
{
if (thisProcess.Id != p.Id)
{
Console.WriteLine("Killing {0}:{1}", p.ProcessName, p.Id);
p.Kill();
}
}
}
}
}
您需要为退出事件添加一个事件处理程序。否则,"WaitForExit()"可能永远不会触发。进程.退出方法 ()
processObject.Exited += new EventHandler(myProcess_HasExited);
一旦你有一个事件处理程序,你应该能够在 (x) 时间内执行一个简单的循环,最后你只需向进程发送一个关闭命令。
myProcess.CloseMainWindow();
// Free resources associated with process.
myProcess.Close();
如果生成的进程最终被挂起,我认为老实说你无能为力,因为它无法接收命令或执行命令。(因此,发送关闭将不起作用,也不会回击事件处理程序确认)