使用 .NET 4.5 或更高版本+中的 WCF 连接到远程 JSON/XML REST 服务
本文关键字：连接 WCF JSON 服务 REST XML 中的 NET 高版本 版本 使用 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:37:15
我想在 .NET 4.5 或更高版本中使用 WCF 使用远程 REST 服务。 它适用于我正在编写的一些桌面应用程序软件。 我选择使用 WCF，因为我目前认为它是 .NET 中最合适的技术，除非有人另有说明。
该服务由 GET 或 POST（相同的响应）访问，并且可以返回指定为 URL 参数的 JSON 或 XML。 但是，即使它可以返回 XML，也没有 WSDL 文件。
我想在不使用任何第三方库的情况下访问此服务。
我的问题：
- WCF 是在 .NET 4.5 或更高版本中执行此操作的最佳技术吗？
- 哪些是合适的类/方法来连接、发送 GET 或 POST 请求并等待响应？
- 有没有办法告诉 WCF 使用反序列化的 json 或 xml 自动填充我的模型类，如果不是，哪个是 .NET 中最新/推荐的反序列化类？
以下是该服务的示例 URL：
XML： http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/prosite/PSScan.cgi?seq=ENTK_HUMAN&output=xml
JSON：http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/prosite/PSScan.cgi?seq=ENTK_HUMAN&output=json
下面是服务以 XML 格式返回的内容的示例：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<matchset xmlns="urn:expasy:scanprosite" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="urn:expasy:scanprosite http://expasy.org/tools/scanprosite/scanprosite.xsd" n_match="13" n_seq="1">
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>54</start>
<stop>169</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50024</signature_ac>
<signature_id>SEA</signature_id>
<score>32.979</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>183</start>
<stop>222</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50068</signature_ac>
<signature_id>LDLRA_2</signature_id>
<score>10.75</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>197</start>
<stop>221</stop>
<signature_ac>PS01209</signature_ac>
<signature_id>LDLRA_1</signature_id>
<level_tag>(0)</level_tag>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>225</start>
<stop>334</stop>
<signature_ac>PS01180</signature_ac>
<signature_id>CUB</signature_id>
<score>13.293</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>345</start>
<stop>504</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50060</signature_ac>
<signature_id>MAM_2</signature_id>
<score>42.203</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>391</start>
<stop>431</stop>
<signature_ac>PS00740</signature_ac>
<signature_id>MAM_1</signature_id>
<level_tag>(0)</level_tag>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>524</start>
<stop>634</stop>
<signature_ac>PS01180</signature_ac>
<signature_id>CUB</signature_id>
<score>17.206</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>642</start>
<stop>678</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50068</signature_ac>
<signature_id>LDLRA_2</signature_id>
<score>13.3</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>655</start>
<stop>677</stop>
<signature_ac>PS01209</signature_ac>
<signature_id>LDLRA_1</signature_id>
<level_tag>(0)</level_tag>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>678</start>
<stop>788</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50287</signature_ac>
<signature_id>SRCR_2</signature_id>
<score>16.02</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>785</start>
<stop>1019</stop>
<signature_ac>PS50240</signature_ac>
<signature_id>TRYPSIN_DOM</signature_id>
<score>39.104</score>
<level>0</level>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>821</start>
<stop>826</stop>
<signature_ac>PS00134</signature_ac>
<signature_id>TRYPSIN_HIS</signature_id>
<level_tag>(0)</level_tag>
</match>
<match>
<sequence_ac>P98073</sequence_ac>
<sequence_id>ENTK_HUMAN</sequence_id>
<sequence_db>sp</sequence_db>
<start>965</start>
<stop>976</stop>
<signature_ac>PS00135</signature_ac>
<signature_id>TRYPSIN_SER</signature_id>
<level_tag>(0)</level_tag>
</match>
</matchset>
下面是服务在 JSON 中返回的内容的示例：
{
"n_match" : 13, "n_seq" : 1,
"matchset" : [
{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 54, "stop" : 169, "signature_ac" : "PS50024", "signature_id" : "SEA", "score" : 32.979, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 183, "stop" : 222, "signature_ac" : "PS50068", "signature_id" : "LDLRA_2", "score" : 10.75, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 197, "stop" : 221, "signature_ac" : "PS01209", "signature_id" : "LDLRA_1", "level_tag" : "(0)"},{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 225, "stop" : 334, "signature_ac" : "PS01180", "signature_id" : "CUB", "score" : 13.293, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 345, "stop" : 504, "signature_ac" : "PS50060", "signature_id" : "MAM_2", "score" : 42.203, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 391, "stop" : 431, "signature_ac" : "PS00740", "signature_id" : "MAM_1", "level_tag" : "(0)"},{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 524, "stop" : 634, "signature_ac" : "PS01180", "signature_id" : "CUB", "score" : 17.206, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 642, "stop" : 678, "signature_ac" : "PS50068", "signature_id" : "LDLRA_2", "score" : 13.3, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 655, "stop" : 677, "signature_ac" : "PS01209", "signature_id" : "LDLRA_1", "level_tag" : "(0)"},{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 678, "stop" : 788, "signature_ac" : "PS50287", "signature_id" : "SRCR_2", "score" : 16.02, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 785, "stop" : 1019, "signature_ac" : "PS50240", "signature_id" : "TRYPSIN_DOM", "score" : 39.104, "level" : 0 },{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 821, "stop" : 826, "signature_ac" : "PS00134", "signature_id" : "TRYPSIN_HIS", "level_tag" : "(0)"},{"sequence_ac" : "P98073", "sequence_id" : "ENTK_HUMAN", "sequence_db" : "sp", "start" : 965, "stop" : 976, "signature_ac" : "PS00135", "signature_id" : "TRYPSIN_SER", "level_tag" : "(0)"}
] }
以下是我已经创建的模型类，尽管我不确定是否需要创建它们，或者 WCF 是否可以为我自动执行一个模型类：
public class PrositeScanMatchSet
{
public int n_match { get; set; }
public int n_seq { get; set; }
public PrositeScanMatch[] matchset { get; set; }
}
public class PrositeScanMatch
{
public string sequence_ac { get; set; }
public string sequence_id { get; set; }
public string sequence_db { get; set; }
public int start { get; set; }
public int stop { get; set; }
public string signature_ac { get; set; }
public string signature_id { get; set; }
public float score { get; set; }
public int level { get; set; }
public string level_tag { get; set; }
}
另外，这是我为创建服务查询字符串而创建的类：
public class ScanPrositeParameters
{
/// <summary>
/// Sequence(s) to be scanned: UniProtKB accessions e.g. P98073 or identifiers e.g. ENTK_HUMAN or PDB identifiers e.g. 4DGJ or sequences in FASTA format or UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot format.
/// Do not repeat parameter; multiple sequences can be specified by separating them with new lines(%0A in url).
/// </summary>
public string seq ;
/// <summary>
/// Motif(s) to scan against: PROSITE accession e.g. PS50240 or identifier e.g. TRYPSIN_DOM or your own pattern e.g. P-x(2)-G-E-S-G(2)-[AS].
/// If not specified, all PROSITE motifs are used.
/// Do not repeat parameter; multiple motifs can be specified by separating them with new lines(%0A in url).
/// </summary>
public string sig ;
/// <summary>
/// Target protein database for scans of motifs against whole protein databases: 'sp' (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot) or 'tr' (UniProtKB/TrEMBL) or 'pdb' (PDB).
/// Only work if 'seq' is not defined.Parameter can be repeated; 1 target db by 'db' parameter.
/// </summary>
public string db ;
/// <summary>
/// If true (defined, non empty, non zero): includes UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot splice variants.
/// Only works on scans against UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
/// </summary>
public string varsplic ;
/// <summary>
/// Any taxonomical term e.g. 'Homo sapiens', e.g. 'Fungi; Arthropoda' or corresponding NCBI TaxID e.g. 9606, e.g. '4751; 6656'
/// Separate multiple terms with a semicolon.
/// Only works on scans against UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
/// </summary>
public string lineage ;
/// <summary>
/// Description (DE) filter: e.g. protease.
/// Only works on scans against UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
/// </summary>
public string description;
/// <summary>
/// Number of X characters in a scanned sequence that can be matched by a conserved position in a pattern.
/// Only works if 'sig' is defined, i.e.on scans of specific sequences/protein database(s) against specific motif(s).
/// Only works on scans against patterns.
/// </summary>
public string max_x ;
/// <summary>
/// Output format: 'xml' or 'json' (or 'txt')
/// </summary>
public string output ;
/// <summary>
/// If true (defined, non empty, non zero): excludes motifs with a high probability of occurrence.
/// Default: on.
/// Only works if 'seq' is defined and 'sig' is not defined, i.e.on scans of specific sequence(s) against all PROSITE motifs.
/// </summary>
public string skip ;
/// <summary>
/// If true (defined, non empty, non zero): shows matches with low level scores.
/// Default: off.
/// Only works with PROSITE profiles.
/// </summary>
public string lowscore ;
/// <summary>
/// If true (defined, non empty, non zero): does not scan against profiles.
/// Only works if 'seq' is defined and 'sig' is not defined, i.e.on scans of specific sequence(s) against all PROSITE motifs.
/// </summary>
public string noprofile ;
/// <summary>
/// Mimimal number of hits per matched sequences.
/// Only works if 'sig' and 'db' are defined, i.e.on scans of protein database(s) against specific motif(s).
/// </summary>
public string minhits ;
public string QueryString()
{
var result = new Dictionary<string, string>()
{
{"seq", seq},
{"sig", sig},
{"db", db},
{"varsplic", varsplic},
{"lineage", lineage},
{"description", description},
{"max_x", max_x},
{"output", output},
{"skip", skip},
{"lowscore", lowscore},
{"noprofile", noprofile},
{"minhits", minhits}
};
return String.Join("&", result.Where(a => a.Key != null && a.Value != null).Select(kvp => WebUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Key) + "=" + WebUtility.UrlEncode(kvp.Value)).ToList());
}
}
你这里有 3 个问题，所以我将回答所有问题，并以其他人的答案为基础： -
WCF 是在 .NET 4.5 或更高版本中执行此操作的最佳技术吗？
WCF 是一个非常强大的通信框架，但正如上述答案之一所述;您可以使用更简单的 HttpClient 非常轻松地与 REST 服务器进行通信。您提到您希望使用 JSON/XML，这意味着将来可能会对其进行扩展以支持另一种格式，因此我认为此时不使用 WCF 并遵循 KISS 的概念会更合适。如果使用接口，您应该能够轻松换出连接代码。（http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle）
我相信你已经对WCF做了很多研究，但如果没有，看看 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082%28v=vs.110%29.aspx。MSDN 文档非常适合入门。
哪些是合适的类/方法来连接、发送 GET 或 POST 请求并等待响应？
这已经得到了回答;你的客户端已经知道它是否在请求xml/json，所以你只需将数据传递给适当的读取器，该阅读器将解析JSON/XML/其他格式。
幸运的是，.NET 有许多 API 可用于帮助您解析这些语言，这将有助于回答您的最后一个问题。
有没有办法告诉 WCF 使用反序列化的 json 或 xml 自动填充我的模型类，如果不是，哪个是 .NET 中最新/推荐的反序列化类？
最肯定的是..
杰伦
见 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb412179%28v=vs.110%29.aspx
如何：序列化和反序列化 JSON 数据
这将向您展示如何将 JSON 数据反序列化到模型类中;这也详细说明了如何使用 WCF 执行此操作，因此这可能对您非常有用。这包括用于使用 DataContractJsonSerializer 反序列化 JSON 的推荐类。建议使用它，因为这些类不依赖于 C# 编译器，而 .NET 3.5/4 之前最常用的方法之一则依赖于 C# 编译器。
.XML
对于使用包含示例工作代码的XML进行操作，这里有相当高投票的问题/答案：-
如何反序列化 XML 文档
如何反序列化 XML 文档
确保您查看使用 XSD 的未接受答案以及已接受的答案。两种可行的解决方案;使用您认为适合您的内容！:)
祝你好运！
当服务器支持 REST Get 接口时，使用 WCF 似乎有点矫枉过正。
XDocument 类可以读取 XML URI。
var doc = XDocument.Load("http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/prosite/PSScan.cgi?seq=ENTK_HUMAN&output=xml");
然后，可以使用 LINQ 查找数据。 有关更多详细信息，请参阅基本查询 http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb943906.aspx。
我建议查看HttpClient以从远程服务中检索JSon。
http://www.asp.net/web-api/overview/advanced/calling-a-web-api-from-a-net-client