如何动态扩展内存映射文件

本文关键字:扩展 内存 映射 文件 动态 何动态 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 17:57:13

我用C#解决了以下要求。- 创建一个可以快速接收大量数据的应用程序- 您必须能够在更多数据传入时分析接收到的数据。- 尽可能少地使用CPU和磁盘

我对算法的想法是..

SIZE = 10MB
Create a mmf with the size of SIZE
On data recived:
  if data can't fit mmf: increase mmf.size by SIZE
  write the data to mmf

-> 当使用以前的"房间/空间"时,光盘上的大小以 10MB 为单位增加。

如何在 C# 中完成"按大小增加 mmf.size"?我找到了很多关于创建 mmfs 和视图的简单示例,但我唯一看到的地方(链接)直接增加 mmfs 区域的代码使用了无法编译的代码。任何帮助都将得到极大的赞赏。

编辑这会导致异常:

private void IncreaseFileSize()
{
    int theNewMax = this.currentMax + INCREMENT_SIZE;
    this.currentMax = theNewMax;
    this.mmf.Dispose();
    this.mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(this.FileName, FileMode.Create, "MyMMF", theNewMax);
    this.view = mmf.CreateViewAccessor(0, theNewMax);            
}

引发此异常:进程无法访问文件"C:''Users''moberg''Documents''data.bin",因为它正被另一个进程使用。

如何动态扩展内存映射文件

在内存中映射文件后,无法增加其大小。这是内存映射文件的已知限制。

。您必须计算或估计完成文件的大小,因为文件映射对象的大小是静态的;创建后,无法增加或减少其大小。

一种策略是使用存储在给定大小(例如 1GB 或 2GB)的非持久内存映射文件中的块。您将通过自己设计的顶级ViewAccessor来管理这些(可能会从MemoryMappedViewAccessor执行所需方法的基本传递)。

编辑:或者你可以创建一个你期望使用的最大大小的非持久内存映射文件(比如8GB启动,有一个参数在应用程序启动时调整它)并检索每个逻辑块MemoryMappedViewAccessor。在请求每个视图之前,非持久化文件不会使用物理资源。

好吧,你可以!!.

这是我对可增长内存映射文件的实现:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles;
namespace MmbpTree
{
    public unsafe sealed class GrowableMemoryMappedFile : IDisposable
    {
        private const int AllocationGranularity = 64 * 1024;
        private class MemoryMappedArea
        {
            public MemoryMappedFile Mmf;
            public byte* Address;
            public long Size;
        }

        private FileStream fs;
        private List<MemoryMappedArea> areas = new List<MemoryMappedArea>();
        private long[] offsets;
        private byte*[] addresses;
        public long Length
        {
            get {
                CheckDisposed();
                return fs.Length;
            }
        }
        public GrowableMemoryMappedFile(string filePath, long initialFileSize)
        {
            if (initialFileSize <= 0 || initialFileSize % AllocationGranularity != 0)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("The initial file size must be a multiple of 64Kb and grater than zero");
            }
            bool existingFile = File.Exists(filePath);
            fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.None);
            if (existingFile)
            {
                if (fs.Length <=  0 || fs.Length % AllocationGranularity != 0)
                {
                    throw new ArgumentException("Invalid file. Its lenght must be a multiple of 64Kb and greater than zero");
                }
            }
            else
            { 
                fs.SetLength(initialFileSize);
            }
            CreateFirstArea();
        }
        private void CreateFirstArea()
        {
            var mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(fs, null, fs.Length, MemoryMappedFileAccess.ReadWrite,  null, HandleInheritability.None, true);
            var address = Win32FileMapping.MapViewOfFileEx(mmf.SafeMemoryMappedFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), 
                Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Read | Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Write,
                0, 0, new UIntPtr((ulong) fs.Length), null);
            if (address == null) throw new Win32Exception();
            var area = new MemoryMappedArea
            {
                Address = address,
                Mmf = mmf,
                Size = fs.Length
            };
            areas.Add(area);
            addresses = new byte*[] { address };
            offsets = new long[] { 0 };
        }

        public void Grow(long bytesToGrow)
        {
            CheckDisposed();
            if (bytesToGrow <= 0 || bytesToGrow % AllocationGranularity != 0)  {
                throw new ArgumentException("The growth must be a multiple of 64Kb and greater than zero");
            }
            long offset = fs.Length;
            fs.SetLength(fs.Length + bytesToGrow);
            var mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(fs, null, fs.Length, MemoryMappedFileAccess.ReadWrite, null, HandleInheritability.None, true);
            uint* offsetPointer = (uint*)&offset;
            var lastArea = areas[areas.Count - 1];
            byte* desiredAddress = lastArea.Address + lastArea.Size;
            var address = Win32FileMapping.MapViewOfFileEx(mmf.SafeMemoryMappedFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle(), 
                Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Read | Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Write,
                offsetPointer[1], offsetPointer[0], new UIntPtr((ulong)bytesToGrow), desiredAddress);
            if (address == null) {
                address = Win32FileMapping.MapViewOfFileEx(mmf.SafeMemoryMappedFileHandle.DangerousGetHandle(),
                   Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Read | Win32FileMapping.FileMapAccess.Write,
                   offsetPointer[1], offsetPointer[0], new UIntPtr((ulong)bytesToGrow), null);
            }
            if (address == null) throw new Win32Exception();
            var area = new MemoryMappedArea {
                Address = address,
                Mmf = mmf,
                Size = bytesToGrow
            };
            areas.Add(area);
            if (desiredAddress != address) {
                offsets = offsets.Add(offset);
                addresses = addresses.Add(address);
            }
        }
        public byte* GetPointer(long offset)
        {
            CheckDisposed();
            int i = offsets.Length;
            if (i <= 128) // linear search is more efficient for small arrays. Experiments show 140 as the cutpoint on x64 and 100 on x86.
            {
                while (--i > 0 && offsets[i] > offset);
            }
            else // binary search is more efficient for large arrays
            {
                i = Array.BinarySearch<long>(offsets, offset);
                if (i < 0) i = ~i - 1;
            }
            return addresses[i] + offset - offsets[i];
        }
        private bool isDisposed;
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (isDisposed) return;
            isDisposed = true;
            foreach (var a in this.areas)
            {
                Win32FileMapping.UnmapViewOfFile(a.Address);
                a.Mmf.Dispose();
            }
            fs.Dispose();
            areas.Clear();
        }
        private void CheckDisposed()
        {
            if (isDisposed) throw new ObjectDisposedException(this.GetType().Name);
        }
        public void Flush()
        {
            CheckDisposed();
            foreach (var area in areas)
            {
                if (!Win32FileMapping.FlushViewOfFile(area.Address, new IntPtr(area.Size))) {
                    throw new Win32Exception();
                }
            }
            fs.Flush(true);
        }
    }
}

这是Win32FileMapping类:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
namespace MmbpTree
{
    public static unsafe class Win32FileMapping
    {
        [Flags]
        public enum FileMapAccess : uint
        {
            Copy = 0x01,
            Write = 0x02,
            Read = 0x04,
            AllAccess = 0x08,
            Execute = 0x20,
        }
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern byte* MapViewOfFileEx(IntPtr mappingHandle,
                                            FileMapAccess access,
                                            uint offsetHigh,
                                            uint offsetLow,
                                            UIntPtr bytesToMap,
                                            byte* desiredAddress);
        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        public static extern bool UnmapViewOfFile(byte* address);

        [DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
        public static extern bool FlushViewOfFile(byte* address, IntPtr bytesToFlush);
    }
}

这里有Extensions类:

using System;
namespace MmbpTree
{
    public static class Extensions
    {
        public static T[] Add<T>(this T[] array, T element)
        {
            var result = new T[array.Length + 1];
            Array.Copy(array, result, array.Length);
            result[array.Length] = element;
            return result;
        }
        public static unsafe byte*[] Add(this byte*[] array, byte* element)
        {
            var result = new byte*[array.Length + 1];
            Array.Copy(array, result, array.Length);
            result[array.Length] = element;
            return result;
        }
    }
}

如您所见,我采取了不安全的方法。这是获得内存映射文件性能优势的唯一方法。

要使用它,您需要考虑以下概念:

  • 页面。这是您使用的连续内存地址和存储空间的最小区域。块或页面的大小必须是基础系统页面大小 (4Kb) 的倍数。
  • 初始文件大小。它必须是块或页面大小的倍数,并且必须是系统分配粒度 (64Kb) 的倍数。
  • 文件增长。它必须是块或页面大小的倍数,并且必须是系统分配粒度 (64Kb) 的倍数。

例如,您可能希望使用1Mb的页面大小,64Mb的文件增长和1Gb的初始大小。您可以通过调用 GetPointer 来获取指向页面的指针,使用 Grow 增长文件并使用Flush刷新文件:

const int InitialSize = 1024 * 1024 * 1024;
const int FileGrowth = 64 * 1024 * 1024;
const int PageSize = 1024 * 1024;
using (var gmmf = new GrowableMemoryMappedFile("mmf.bin", InitialSize))
{
    var pageNumber = 32;
    var pointer = gmmf.GetPointer(pageNumber * PageSize);
    // you can read the page content:
    byte firstPageByte = pointer[0];
    byte lastPageByte = pointer[PageSize - 1];
    // or write it
    pointer[0] = 3;
    pointer[PageSize -1] = 43;

    /* allocate more pages when needed */
    gmmf.Grow(FileGrowth);
    /* use new allocated pages */
    /* flushing the file writes to the underlying file */ 
    gmmf.Flush();
}

代码不编译的原因是因为它使用了不存在的重载。要么自己创建一个文件流并将其传递给正确的重载(假设 2000 将是你的新大小):

FileStream fs = new FileStream("C:'MyFile.dat", FileMode.Open);
MemoryMappedFile mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile(fs, "someName", 2000,
 MemoryMappedFileAccess.ReadWriteExecute, null, HandleInheritablity.None, false);

或者使用此重载跳过 filstream 创建:

MemoryMappedFile mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile("C:'MyFile.dat", 
          FileMode.Open, "someName", 2000);

我发现关闭并重新创建具有相同名称但新大小的 mmf 适用于所有意图和目的

                using (var mmf = MemoryMappedFile.CreateOrOpen(SenderMapName, 1))
                {
                    mmf.SafeMemoryMappedFileHandle.Close();
                }
                using (var sender = MemoryMappedFile.CreateNew(SenderMapName, bytes.Length))

而且它真的很快。

使用采用capacity参数的MemoryMappedFile.CreateFromFile重载。