提高大型结构列表的二进制序列化性能

本文关键字:二进制 序列化 性能 列表 高大型 结构 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:00:17

我有一个用3 int表示三维坐标的结构。在一次测试中,我整理了一个列表<>100万个随机点,然后使用二进制序列化到内存流。

内存流的大小约为21MB,这似乎非常低效,因为1000000点*3个坐标*4个字节的最小值应为11MB

在我的测试设备上也需要大约3秒。

有什么改进性能和/或尺寸的想法吗?

(如果有帮助的话,我不必保留ISerializable接口,我可以直接写到内存流中)

EDIT-根据下面的答案,我对BinaryFormatter、"Raw"BinaryWriter和Protobuf 进行了系列化决战

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.IO;
using ProtoBuf;
namespace asp_heatmap.test
{
    [Serializable()] // For .NET BinaryFormatter
    [ProtoContract] // For Protobuf
    public class Coordinates : ISerializable
    {
        [Serializable()]
        [ProtoContract]
        public struct CoOrd
        {
            public CoOrd(int x, int y, int z)
            {
                this.x = x;
                this.y = y;
                this.z = z;
            }
            [ProtoMember(1)]            
            public int x;
            [ProtoMember(2)]
            public int y;
            [ProtoMember(3)]
            public int z;
        }
        internal Coordinates()
        {
        }
        [ProtoMember(1)]
        public List<CoOrd> Coords = new List<CoOrd>();
        public void SetupTestArray()
        {
            Random r = new Random();
            List<CoOrd> coordinates = new List<CoOrd>();
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
            {
                Coords.Add(new CoOrd(r.Next(), r.Next(), r.Next()));
            }
        }
        #region Using Framework Binary Formatter Serialization
        void ISerializable.GetObjectData(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            info.AddValue("Coords", this.Coords);
        }
        internal Coordinates(SerializationInfo info, StreamingContext context)
        {
            this.Coords = (List<CoOrd>)info.GetValue("Coords", typeof(List<CoOrd>));
        }
        #endregion
        # region 'Raw' Binary Writer serialization
        public MemoryStream RawSerializeToStream()
        {
            MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(Coords.Count * 3 * 4 + 4);
            BinaryWriter writer = new BinaryWriter(stream);
            writer.Write(Coords.Count);
            foreach (CoOrd point in Coords)
            {
                writer.Write(point.x);
                writer.Write(point.y);
                writer.Write(point.z);
            }
            return stream;
        }
        public Coordinates(MemoryStream stream)
        {
            using (BinaryReader reader = new BinaryReader(stream))
            {
                int count = reader.ReadInt32();
                Coords = new List<CoOrd>(count);
                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)                
                {
                    Coords.Add(new CoOrd(reader.ReadInt32(),reader.ReadInt32(),reader.ReadInt32()));
                }
            }        
        }
        #endregion
    }
    [TestClass]
    public class SerializationTest
    {
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestBinaryFormatter()
        {
            Coordinates c = new Coordinates();
            c.SetupTestArray();
            // Serialize to memory stream
            MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();
            BinaryFormatter bformatter = new BinaryFormatter();
            bformatter.Serialize(mStream, c);
            Console.WriteLine("Length : {0}", mStream.Length);
            // Now Deserialize
            mStream.Position = 0;
            Coordinates c2 = (Coordinates)bformatter.Deserialize(mStream);
            Console.Write(c2.Coords.Count);
            mStream.Close();
        }
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestBinaryWriter()
        {
            Coordinates c = new Coordinates();
            c.SetupTestArray();
            MemoryStream mStream = c.RawSerializeToStream();
            Console.WriteLine("Length : {0}", mStream.Length);
            // Now Deserialize
            mStream.Position = 0;
            Coordinates c2 = new Coordinates(mStream);
            Console.Write(c2.Coords.Count);
        }
        [TestMethod]
        public void TestProtoBufV2()
        {
            Coordinates c = new Coordinates();
            c.SetupTestArray();
            MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream();
            ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(mStream,c);
            Console.WriteLine("Length : {0}", mStream.Length);
            mStream.Position = 0;
            Coordinates c2 = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Coordinates>(mStream);
            Console.Write(c2.Coords.Count);
        }
    }
}

结果(注意PB v2.0.0.423测试版)

                Serialize | Ser + Deserialize    | Size
-----------------------------------------------------------          
BinaryFormatter    2.89s  |      26.00s !!!      | 21.0 MB
ProtoBuf v2        0.52s  |       0.83s          | 18.7 MB
Raw BinaryWriter   0.27s  |       0.36s          | 11.4 MB

显然,这只是考虑速度/大小,没有考虑其他任何因素。

提高大型结构列表的二进制序列化性能

使用BinaryFormatter的二进制串行化在其生成的字节中包含类型信息。这会占用额外的空间。例如,当您不知道在另一端期望什么样的数据结构时,它很有用。

在您的情况下,您知道数据两端的格式,这听起来不会改变。因此,您可以编写一个简单的编码和解码方法。您的CoOrd类也不再需要可序列化。

我会使用System。IO.BinaryReader和系统。IO.BinaryWriter,然后循环遍历每个CoOrd实例,并将X、Y、Z属性值读/写到流中。假设您的许多数字小于0x7F和0x7FFF,这些类甚至会将您的int压缩到小于11MB。

类似这样的东西:

using (var writer = new BinaryWriter(stream)) {
    // write the number of items so we know how many to read out
    writer.Write(points.Count);
    // write three ints per point
    foreach (var point in points) {
        writer.Write(point.X);
        writer.Write(point.Y);
        writer.Write(point.Z);
    }
}

从流中读取:

List<CoOrd> points;
using (var reader = new BinaryReader(stream)) {
    var count = reader.ReadInt32();
    points = new List<CoOrd>(count);
    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        var x = reader.ReadInt32();
        var y = reader.ReadInt32();
        var z = reader.ReadInt32();
        points.Add(new CoOrd(x, y, z));
    }
}

为了使用预构建序列化程序的简单性,我建议使用protobuf-net;这里是protobuf-netv2,只添加了一些属性:

[DataContract]
public class Coordinates
{
    [DataContract]
    public struct CoOrd
    {
        public CoOrd(int x, int y, int z)
        {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
            this.z = z;
        }
        [DataMember(Order = 1)]
        int x;
        [DataMember(Order = 2)]
        int y;
        [DataMember(Order = 3)]
        int z;
    }
    [DataMember(Order = 1)]
    public List<CoOrd> Coords = new List<CoOrd>();
    public void SetupTestArray()
    {
        Random r = new Random(123456);
        List<CoOrd> coordinates = new List<CoOrd>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
        {
            Coords.Add(new CoOrd(r.Next(10000), r.Next(10000), r.Next(10000)));
        }
    }
}

使用:

ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(mStream, c);

以序列化。这需要10960823个字节,但请注意,我调整了SetupTestArray,将大小限制为10000,因为默认情况下,它对整数使用"variant"编码,这取决于大小。10公里在这里并不重要(事实上,我没有检查"步骤"是什么)。如果您喜欢固定尺寸(允许任何范围):

        [ProtoMember(1, DataFormat = DataFormat.FixedSize)]
        int x;
        [ProtoMember(2, DataFormat = DataFormat.FixedSize)]
        int y;
        [ProtoMember(3, DataFormat = DataFormat.FixedSize)]
        int z;

它占用16998640字节