反射 - 获取属性的属性名称和值

本文关键字:属性 获取 反射 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:01:43

我有一个类,我们用一个名为 Name 的属性将其命名为 Book。使用该属性,我有一个与之关联的属性。

public class Book
{
    [Author("AuthorName")]
    public string Name
    {
        get; private set; 
    }
}

在我的主方法中,我正在使用反射,并希望为每个属性获取每个属性的键值对。因此,在此示例中,我希望看到属性名称为"作者",属性值为"作者名称"。

问:如何使用反射获取属性的属性名称和值?

反射 - 获取属性的属性名称和值

使用 typeof(Book).GetProperties() 获取PropertyInfo实例的数组。 然后在每个PropertyInfo上使用GetCustomAttributes()以查看其中是否有任何Author属性类型。 如果是这样,则可以从属性信息中获取属性的名称,并从属性中获取属性值。

沿着这些行扫描类型以查找具有特定属性类型的属性并在字典中返回数据(请注意,这可以通过将类型传递到例程中来使其更加动态(:

public static Dictionary<string, string> GetAuthors()
{
    Dictionary<string, string> _dict = new Dictionary<string, string>();
    PropertyInfo[] props = typeof(Book).GetProperties();
    foreach (PropertyInfo prop in props)
    {
        object[] attrs = prop.GetCustomAttributes(true);
        foreach (object attr in attrs)
        {
            AuthorAttribute authAttr = attr as AuthorAttribute;
            if (authAttr != null)
            {
                string propName = prop.Name;
                string auth = authAttr.Name;
                _dict.Add(propName, auth);
            }
        }
    }
    return _dict;
}

要在字典中获取属性的所有属性,请使用以下命令:

typeof(Book)
  .GetProperty("Name")
  .GetCustomAttributes(false) 
  .ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name, a => a);

如果还想包含继承的属性,请记住从false更改为true

如果您只需要一个特定的属性值 例如显示属性,您可以使用以下代码:

var pInfo = typeof(Book).GetProperty("Name")
                             .GetCustomAttribute<DisplayAttribute>();
var name = pInfo.Name;

我通过编写泛型扩展属性属性帮助程序解决了类似的问题:

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Reflection;
public static class AttributeHelper
{
    public static TValue GetPropertyAttributeValue<T, TOut, TAttribute, TValue>(
        Expression<Func<T, TOut>> propertyExpression, 
        Func<TAttribute, TValue> valueSelector) 
        where TAttribute : Attribute
    {
        var expression = (MemberExpression) propertyExpression.Body;
        var propertyInfo = (PropertyInfo) expression.Member;
        var attr = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
        return attr != null ? valueSelector(attr) : default(TValue);
    }
}

用法:

var author = AttributeHelper.GetPropertyAttributeValue<Book, string, AuthorAttribute, string>(prop => prop.Name, attr => attr.Author);
// author = "AuthorName"

您可以使用GetCustomAttributesData()GetCustomAttributes()

var attributeData = typeof(Book).GetProperty("Name").GetCustomAttributesData();
var attributes = typeof(Book).GetProperty("Name").GetCustomAttributes(false);

如果您的意思是"对于采用一个参数的属性,请列出属性名称和参数值",那么在 .NET 4.5 中通过 CustomAttributeData API 这更容易:

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Reflection;
public static class Program
{
    static void Main()
    {
        PropertyInfo prop = typeof(Foo).GetProperty("Bar");
        var vals = GetPropertyAttributes(prop);
        // has: DisplayName = "abc", Browsable = false
    }
    public static Dictionary<string, object> GetPropertyAttributes(PropertyInfo property)
    {
        Dictionary<string, object> attribs = new Dictionary<string, object>();
        // look for attributes that takes one constructor argument
        foreach (CustomAttributeData attribData in property.GetCustomAttributesData()) 
        {
            if(attribData.ConstructorArguments.Count == 1)
            {
                string typeName = attribData.Constructor.DeclaringType.Name;
                if (typeName.EndsWith("Attribute")) typeName = typeName.Substring(0, typeName.Length - 9);
                attribs[typeName] = attribData.ConstructorArguments[0].Value;
            }
        }
        return attribs;
    }
}
class Foo
{
    [DisplayName("abc")]
    [Browsable(false)]
    public string Bar { get; set; }
}
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAuthors()
{
    return typeof(Book).GetProperties()
        .SelectMany(prop => prop.GetCustomAttributes())
        .OfType<AuthorAttribute>()
        .ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), a => a.Name);
}

使用泛型的示例(目标框架 4.5(

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
private static Dictionary<string, string> GetAttribute<TAttribute, TType>(
    Func<TAttribute, string> valueFunc)
    where TAttribute : Attribute
{
    return typeof(TType).GetProperties()
        .SelectMany(p => p.GetCustomAttributes())
        .OfType<TAttribute>()
        .ToDictionary(a => a.GetType().Name.Replace("Attribute", ""), valueFunc);
}

用法

var dictionary = GetAttribute<AuthorAttribute, Book>(a => a.Name);
public static class PropertyInfoExtensions
{
    public static TValue GetAttributValue<TAttribute, TValue>(this PropertyInfo prop, Func<TAttribute, TValue> value) where TAttribute : Attribute
    {
        var att = prop.GetCustomAttributes(
            typeof(TAttribute), true
            ).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
        if (att != null)
        {
            return value(att);
        }
        return default(TValue);
    }
}

用法:

 //get class properties with attribute [AuthorAttribute]
        var props = typeof(Book).GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(AuthorAttribute)));
            foreach (var prop in props)
            {
               string value = prop.GetAttributValue((AuthorAttribute a) => a.Name);
            }

或:

 //get class properties with attribute [AuthorAttribute]
        var props = typeof(Book).GetProperties().Where(prop => Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(AuthorAttribute)));
        IList<string> values = props.Select(prop => prop.GetAttributValue((AuthorAttribute a) => a.Name)).Where(attr => attr != null).ToList();

虽然上述最赞成的答案肯定有效,但我建议在某些情况下使用稍微不同的方法。

如果您的类具有多个属性,并且始终具有相同的属性,并且您希望将这些属性排序到字典中,则方法如下:

var dict = typeof(Book).GetProperties().ToDictionary(p => p.Name, p => p.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(AuthorName), false).Select(a => (AuthorName)a).FirstOrDefault());

这仍然使用强制转换,但确保强制转换将始终有效,因为您只会获得类型为"AuthorName"的自定义属性。如果您有上述多个属性,答案将获得强制转换异常。

下面是

一些静态方法,可用于获取 MaxLength 或任何其他属性。

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Linq.Expressions;
public static class AttributeHelpers {
public static Int32 GetMaxLength<T>(Expression<Func<T,string>> propertyExpression) {
    return GetPropertyAttributeValue<T,string,MaxLengthAttribute,Int32>(propertyExpression,attr => attr.Length);
}
//Optional Extension method
public static Int32 GetMaxLength<T>(this T instance,Expression<Func<T,string>> propertyExpression) {
    return GetMaxLength<T>(propertyExpression);
}

//Required generic method to get any property attribute from any class
public static TValue GetPropertyAttributeValue<T, TOut, TAttribute, TValue>(Expression<Func<T,TOut>> propertyExpression,Func<TAttribute,TValue> valueSelector) where TAttribute : Attribute {
    var expression = (MemberExpression)propertyExpression.Body;
    var propertyInfo = (PropertyInfo)expression.Member;
    var attr = propertyInfo.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute),true).FirstOrDefault() as TAttribute;
    if (attr==null) {
        throw new MissingMemberException(typeof(T).Name+"."+propertyInfo.Name,typeof(TAttribute).Name);
    }
    return valueSelector(attr);
}
}

使用静态方法...

var length = AttributeHelpers.GetMaxLength<Player>(x => x.PlayerName);

或者在实例上使用可选的扩展方法...

var player = new Player();
var length = player.GetMaxLength(x => x.PlayerName);

或者对任何其他属性使用完整的静态方法(例如 StringLength(...

var length = AttributeHelpers.GetPropertyAttributeValue<Player,string,StringLengthAttribute,Int32>(prop => prop.PlayerName,attr => attr.MaximumLength);

灵感来自Mikael Engver的答案。

我把它写到一个动态方法中,因为我在整个应用程序中使用了很多属性。方法:

public static dynamic GetAttribute(Type objectType, string propertyName, Type attrType)
    {
        //get the property
        var property = objectType.GetProperty(propertyName);
        //check for object relation
        return property.GetCustomAttributes().FirstOrDefault(x => x.GetType() == attrType);
    }

用法:

var objectRelAttr = GetAttribute(typeof(Person), "Country", typeof(ObjectRelationAttribute));
var displayNameAttr = GetAttribute(typeof(Product), "Category", typeof(DisplayNameAttribute));

希望这对任何人有帮助

死灵法师。
对于那些仍然需要维护 .NET 2.0 的人,或者那些想要在没有 LINQ 的情况下维护 .NET 2.0 的人:

public static object GetAttribute(System.Reflection.MemberInfo mi, System.Type t)
{
    object[] objs = mi.GetCustomAttributes(t, true);
    if (objs == null || objs.Length < 1)
        return null;
    return objs[0];
}

public static T GetAttribute<T>(System.Reflection.MemberInfo mi)
{
    return (T)GetAttribute(mi, typeof(T));
}

public delegate TResult GetValue_t<in T, out TResult>(T arg1);
public static TValue GetAttributValue<TAttribute, TValue>(System.Reflection.MemberInfo mi, GetValue_t<TAttribute, TValue> value) where TAttribute : System.Attribute
{
    TAttribute[] objAtts = (TAttribute[])mi.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(TAttribute), true);
    TAttribute att = (objAtts == null || objAtts.Length < 1) ? default(TAttribute) : objAtts[0];
    // TAttribute att = (TAttribute)GetAttribute(mi, typeof(TAttribute));
    if (att != null)
    {
        return value(att);
    }
    return default(TValue);
}

用法示例:

System.Reflection.FieldInfo fi = t.GetField("PrintBackground");
wkHtmlOptionNameAttribute att = GetAttribute<wkHtmlOptionNameAttribute>(fi);
string name = GetAttributValue<wkHtmlOptionNameAttribute, string>(fi, delegate(wkHtmlOptionNameAttribute a){ return a.Name;});

或者干脆

string aname = GetAttributValue<wkHtmlOptionNameAttribute, string>(fi, a => a.Name );

只是在寻找放置这段代码的正确位置。

假设您具有以下属性:

[Display(Name = "Solar Radiation (Average)", ShortName = "SolarRadiationAvg")]
public int SolarRadiationAvgSensorId { get; set; }

并且您希望获取短名称值。你可以做:

((DisplayAttribute)(typeof(SensorsModel).GetProperty(SolarRadiationAvgSensorId).GetCustomAttribute(typeof(DisplayAttribute)))).ShortName;

或者使其通用:

internal static string GetPropertyAttributeShortName(string propertyName)
{
    return ((DisplayAttribute)(typeof(SensorsModel).GetProperty(propertyName).GetCustomAttribute(typeof(DisplayAttribute)))).ShortName;
}
foreach (var p in model.GetType().GetProperties())
{
   var valueOfDisplay = 
       p.GetCustomAttributesData()
        .Any(a => a.AttributeType.Name == "DisplayNameAttribute") ? 
            p.GetCustomAttribute<DisplayNameAttribute>().DisplayName : 
            p.Name;
}

在此示例中,我使用了 DisplayName 而不是 Author,因为它有一个名为"DisplayName"的字段,要与值一起显示。

要从枚举中获取属性,我正在使用:

 public enum ExceptionCodes
 {
  [ExceptionCode(1000)]
  InternalError,
 }
 public static (int code, string message) Translate(ExceptionCodes code)
        {
            return code.GetType()
            .GetField(Enum.GetName(typeof(ExceptionCodes), code))
            .GetCustomAttributes(false).Where((attr) =>
            {
                return (attr is ExceptionCodeAttribute);
            }).Select(customAttr =>
            {
                var attr = (customAttr as ExceptionCodeAttribute);
                return (attr.Code, attr.FriendlyMessage);
            }).FirstOrDefault();
        }

//用

 var _message = Translate(code);

如果你想获取具有自定义属性的属性,那么请尝试以下操作:

IEnumerable propertyInfos = properties。GetType((。获取属性((;

PropertyInfo p = propertyInfos.Where(x => x.GetCustomAttribute(( != null(;