是否有令人信服的理由在单元测试中对没有依赖关系的模块/类使用DI ?
本文关键字:模块 DI 关系 理由 令人信服 单元测试 是否 依赖 | 更新日期: 2023-09-27 18:04:03
依赖注入对于测试有依赖的模块非常有用。这和那些无关。
假设有一些具体的实现,
public class DoesSomething : IDoesSomething
{
public int DoesImportant(int x, int y)
{
// perform some operation
}
}
实现这个,
public interface IDoesSomething
{
int DoesImportant(int x, int y);
}
在单元测试中,您显然可以在测试中添加new
,
[TestMethod]
public void DoesSomething_CanDoDoesImportant()
{
int expected = 42;
IDoesSomething foo = new DoesSomething();
int actual = foo.DoesImportant(21, 2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
或者使用DI(这里是自动的,但对问题的原则来说不重要),
[TestMethod]
public void DoesSomething_CanDoDoesImportant()
{
var builder = new ContainerBuilder();
builder.RegisterType<DoesSomething>().As<IDoesSomething>();
var container = builder.Build();
int expected = 42;
IDoesSomething foo = container.Resolve<IDoesSomething>();
int actual = foo.DoesImportant(21, 2);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
给定这样一个没有依赖关系的独立模块,是否有令人信服的理由将IDoesSomething
注入到测试中?或者,是否有令人信服的理由不注入IDoesSomething
?
本次测试不需要使用DI容器
这就是为什么可以使用DI容器来解析具体类的原因:所有其他测试都使用类似的模式来通过容器构造类型,而这个测试恰好不需要依赖项。
统一样本:
[TestMethod]
public void DoesSomething_behaves_correctly()
{
var expected = 42;
var container = new UnityContainer();
var foo = container.Resolve<DoesSomething>();
int actual = foo.DoesImportant(21, 21);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
这种方法的附带好处是,当DoesSomething
开始具有依赖性时,您的测试需要最小的更改。
您的测试应该专门针对具体的实现编写。
举个例子:
public void DoTestA()
{
ObjectFactory.Set<IDoesSomething, DoesSomethingBadly>();
var doesSomething = ObjectFactory.Get<IDoesSomething>();
Assert.AreEqual(0, doesSomething.Add(1,1));
}
public void DoTestB()
{
int expected = 42;
//This test is now *completely* dependent on DoTestA, and can give different results
//depending on which test is run first. Further, we don't know
//which implementation we're testing here. It's not immediately clear, even if
//there's only one implementation.
//As its a test, it should be very explicit in what it's testing.
IDoesSomething foo = ObjectFactory.Get<IDoesSomething>();
int actual = foo.DoesImportant(21, 21);
Assert.AreEqual(expected, actual);
}
// Define other methods and classes here
public class DoesSomething : IDoesSomething
{
public int Add(int x, int y)
{
return x+y;
}
}
public class DoesSomethingBadly : IDoesSomething
{
public int Add(int x, int y)
{
return x-y;
}
}
public interface IDoesSomething
{
int Add(int x, int y);
}
在测试中,直接引用类绝对是可行的方法。我们不关心它是不是一个接口,我们只关心它的具体实现。
var foo = new DoesSomething();
绝对是更好的选择。
IDoesSomething foo = new DoesSomething();
是无害的,但它似乎完全没有必要,因为,再一次,我们只关心实现,而不是接口。