TraceRoute and Ping in C#

鉴于我今天必须编写一个 TraceRoute 类，我想我不妨分享源代码。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
namespace Answer
{  
  public class TraceRoute
  {
    private const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
    public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
      return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1);
    }
    private static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
      Ping pinger = new Ping();
      PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
      int timeout = 10000;
      byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
      PingReply reply = default(PingReply);
      reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);
      List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
      if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
      {
        result.Add(reply.Address);
      }
      else if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired || reply.Status == IPStatus.TimedOut)
      {
        //add the currently returned address if an address was found with this TTL
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired) result.Add(reply.Address);
        //recurse to get the next address...
        IEnumerable<IPAddress> tempResult = default(IEnumerable<IPAddress>);
        tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1);
        result.AddRange(tempResult);
      }
      else
      {
        //failure 
      }
      return result;
    }
  }
}

以及适合任何想要/需要它的人的 VB 版本

Public Class TraceRoute
    Private Const Data As String = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"
    Public Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Return GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, 1)
    End Function
    Private Shared Function GetTraceRoute(ByVal hostNameOrAddress As String, ByVal ttl As Integer) As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
        Dim pinger As Ping = New Ping
        Dim pingerOptions As PingOptions = New PingOptions(ttl, True)
        Dim timeout As Integer = 10000
        Dim buffer() As Byte = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data)
        Dim reply As PingReply
        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions)
        Dim result As List(Of IPAddress) = New List(Of IPAddress)
        If reply.Status = IPStatus.Success Then
            result.Add(reply.Address)
        ElseIf reply.Status = IPStatus.TtlExpired Then
            'add the currently returned address
            result.Add(reply.Address)
            'recurse to get the next address...
            Dim tempResult As IEnumerable(Of IPAddress)
            tempResult = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, ttl + 1)
            result.AddRange(tempResult)
        Else
            'failure 
        End If
        Return result
    End Function
End Class

这个实现简单、懒惰（可正确枚举），它不会像其他一些答案那样永远搜索 （maxTTL）。

public static IEnumerable<IPAddress> GetTraceRoute(string hostname)
{
    // following are similar to the defaults in the "traceroute" unix command.
    const int timeout = 10000;
    const int maxTTL = 30;
    const int bufferSize = 32;
    byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
    new Random().NextBytes(buffer);
    using (var pinger = new Ping())
    {
        for (int ttl = 1; ttl <= maxTTL; ttl++)
        {
            PingOptions options = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
            PingReply reply = pinger.Send(hostname, timeout, buffer, options);
            // we've found a route at this ttl
            if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
                yield return reply.Address;
            // if we reach a status other than expired or timed out, we're done searching or there has been an error
            if (reply.Status != IPStatus.TtlExpired && reply.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                break;
        }
    }
}

尽管基类库包含 Ping，但 BCL 不包含任何跟踪功能。

但是，快速搜索会发现两次开源尝试，第一次在 C# 中，第二次在 C++：

• http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/tracert.aspx
• http://www.codeguru.com/Cpp/I-N/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c5457/

有关 ping 部分，请查看 MSDN 上的 Ping 类。

这是我能想到的最有效的方法。如果您喜欢它，请投票，以便其他人受益。

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
    namespace NetRouteAnalysis
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                var route = TraceRoute.GetTraceRoute("8.8.8.8")
                foreach (var step in route)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"{step.Address,-20} {step.Status,-20} 't{step.RoundtripTime} ms");
                }
            }
        }
        public static class TraceRoute
        {
            public static IEnumerable<PingReply> GetTraceRoute(string hostnameOrIp)
            {
                // Initial variables
                var limit = 1000;
                var buffer = new byte[32];
                var pingOpts = new PingOptions(1, true);
                var ping = new Ping();               
                // Result holder.
                PingReply result = null;
                do
                {
                    result = ping.Send(hostnameOrIp, 4000, buffer, pingOpts);
                    pingOpts = new PingOptions(pingOpts.Ttl + 1, pingOpts.DontFragment);
                    if (result.Status != IPStatus.TimedOut)
                    {
                        yield return result;
                    }
                }
                while (result.Status != IPStatus.Success && pingOpts.Ttl < limit);
            }
        }       
    }

Ping：我们可以使用内置在.NET Framework中的Ping类。

实例化Ping并订阅PingCompleted事件：

Ping pingSender = new Ping();
pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;

添加代码以配置和操作 ping，例如：

string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
string who = "www.google.com";
AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);
int timeout = 12000;
PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);
pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);

添加PingCompletedEventHandler：

public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    ... Do stuff here
}

基于 MSDN 示例的完整工作示例的代码转储：

public static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string who = "www.google.com";
    AutoResetEvent waiter = new AutoResetEvent(false);
    Ping pingSender = new Ping();
    // When the PingCompleted event is raised,
    // the PingCompletedCallback method is called.
    pingSender.PingCompleted += PingCompletedCallback;
    // Create a buffer of 32 bytes of data to be transmitted.
    string data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
    byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);
    // Wait 12 seconds for a reply.
    int timeout = 12000;
    // Set options for transmission:
    // The data can go through 64 gateways or routers
    // before it is destroyed, and the data packet
    // cannot be fragmented.
    PingOptions options = new PingOptions(64, true);
    Console.WriteLine("Time to live: {0}", options.Ttl);
    Console.WriteLine("Don't fragment: {0}", options.DontFragment);
    // Send the ping asynchronously.
    // Use the waiter as the user token.
    // When the callback completes, it can wake up this thread.
    pingSender.SendAsync(who, timeout, buffer, options, waiter);
    // Prevent this example application from ending.
    // A real application should do something useful
    // when possible.
    waiter.WaitOne();
    Console.WriteLine("Ping example completed.");
}
public static void PingCompletedCallback(object sender, PingCompletedEventArgs e)
{
    // If the operation was canceled, display a message to the user.
    if (e.Cancelled)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping canceled.");
        // Let the main thread resume. 
        // UserToken is the AutoResetEvent object that the main thread 
        // is waiting for.
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }
    // If an error occurred, display the exception to the user.
    if (e.Error != null)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Ping failed:");
        Console.WriteLine(e.Error.ToString());
        // Let the main thread resume. 
        ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
    }
    Console.WriteLine($"Roundtrip Time: {e.Reply.RoundtripTime}");
    // Let the main thread resume.
    ((AutoResetEvent)e.UserState).Set();
}

作为对上面 Scotts 代码答案的改进，我发现如果路线在到达目的地之前逐渐消失，他的解决方案不起作用 - 它永远不会返回。至少具有部分路由的更好解决方案可能是这个（我已经测试过并且效果很好）。您可以将 for 循环中的"20"更改为更大或更小的值，或者如果您想以其他方式控制迭代次数，请尝试检测它是否花费的时间太长。原始代码完全归功于斯科特 - 谢谢。

    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Net;
    ...
    public static void TraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress)
    {
        for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
        {
            IPAddress ip = GetTraceRoute(hostNameOrAddress, i);
            if(ip == null)
            {
                break;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(ip.ToString());
        }
    }
    private static IPAddress GetTraceRoute(string hostNameOrAddress, int ttl)
    {
        const string Data = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";
        Ping pinger = new Ping();
        PingOptions pingerOptions = new PingOptions(ttl, true);
        int timeout = 10000;
        byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data);
        PingReply reply = default(PingReply);
        reply = pinger.Send(hostNameOrAddress, timeout, buffer, pingerOptions);
        List<IPAddress> result = new List<IPAddress>();
        if (reply.Status == IPStatus.Success || reply.Status == IPStatus.TtlExpired)
        {
            return reply.Address;
        }
        else
        {
            return null;
        }
    }